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2025

Renewables 2025 Global Status Report: Global Overview

report Co-Author

Abstract:

In 2024, global renewable energy growth was primarily driven by the power sector, where capacity expanded by 741 gigawatts (GW), the largest annual increase ever recorded. Solar photovoltaics (PV) led this growth, supported by rapidly falling costs, large-scale deployments and mature supply chains; however, growth in wind energy installations slowed. Deployment of battery storage hit record levels, driven by falling prices and growing recognition of storage as critical for grid reliability. Despite this momentum, renewable energy growth could not keep pace with rising global electricity demand. Growth in electricity demand was driven by higher temperatures, industrial expansion and rapid electrification in emerging markets. Data centres consumed large amounts of electricity as use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies continued to grow. Renewables were deployed to meet some of this demand, and fossil fuels filled the gap. Global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased 0.8% compared to 2023. The year 2024 was the hottest on record, and for the first time the global average temperature exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius ( degreesC) above pre-industrial levels over a full calendar year. Climate impacts intensified worldwide: Los Angeles (United States) faced severe wildfires, Valencia (Spain) experienced extreme flooding, droughts hit Latin America, and flash floods inundated the Caribbean. These events disrupted communities, economies, and energy systems, with vulnerable regions suffering the most. This series of disasters again emphasises that the climate emergency is not a future threat it is already disrupting lives and livelihoods across the planet. Energy security remained in the spotlight in 2024, as geopolitical tensions, trade disruptions and rising economic nationalism influenced national energy strategies. Countries sought to secure supply, reduce external dependencies and control prices. While some countries accelerated their investments in renewables and energy storage to reduce risk and increase resilience, fossil fuel investments also grew, often driven by industrial lobbying and short-term security concerns. As these developments underscore, the energy transition is shaped not only by technical and economic factors, but also by political and governance choices, domestic pressures and competing visions of national interest. Renewable energy is no longer just a climate solution; it is essential infrastructure. In a world of intersecting crises, renewables support sustainable economic development, public health and energy security.

2023

Renewable Energy and Sustainability Report

report Co-Author

2022

Getting Beyond Yes: Fast-tracking Implementation of the United Nations Agreement for Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction

journal article Co-Author

npj Ocean Sustainability

Kristina M. Gjerde, Nichola A. Clark, Clement Chazot, and 10 more authors

Abstract:

With a new international agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) on the horizon, now is the time to start laying the foundation for successful implementation. This paper provides some initial reflections for supporting rapid, effective, and equitable implementation of the BBNJ Agreement in three priority areas: (1) bringing the Agreement into force; (2) establishing the institutional framework, including financial mechanisms; and (3) developing capacity, science, and technology. With reference to selected examples from other international processes, the paper makes suggestions for encouraging wide ratification of the BBNJ Agreement, establishing a Preparatory Commission (PrepCom), mobilizing resources, and building partnerships to advance science and capacity. The growing impacts of climate change and human activities on the global ocean necessitate urgent action, so we must begin to work on the implementation of the BBNJ Agreement as soon as possible to secure ocean health for the benefit of present and future generations.
Digging deep: critical questions remain in the rush to regulate seabed mining

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Klaudija Cremers, and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) defines areas of maritime jurisdiction and sets out the rights and obligations of States, thus serving as a “Constitution for the ocean”. Whereas Coastal States have exclusive rights to harvest minerals within their national jurisdiction, mineral resources of the seabed beyond national jurisdiction (“the Area”) are subject to a dedicated international legal framework. Under UNCLOS, seabed minerals in the Area are part of the common heritage of humankind: they cannot be appropriated by any one State and benefits arising from their exploitation must be shared. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is responsible for regulating mining in the international seabed Area and protecting the marine environment. Having operated in relative obscurity since its inception in 1994, the Authority is now firmly in the spotlight, especially since Nauru triggered a rule in the international legal framework in June 2021 that requires adoption of exploitation regulations by 9 July 2023 (the “two-year rule”). At the same time, calls to halt development of seabed mining are growing, including from States, scientists, and the private sector. The ISA is at an inflection point, and States must carefully consider next steps as strong political engagement and action will be essential for finding a way forward. This Issue Brief aims to help States and stakeholders to understand the legal framework and the current state of play, with a particular focus on the two-year rule. It outlines possible pathways to averting deadlock and instituting a precautionary pause on the development of mining activities.

2020

Rights of Nature: Perspectives for Global Ocean Stewardship

journal article Co-Author

Marine Policy

Harriet Harden-Davies, Fran Humphries, Michelle Maloney, and 3 more authors

Abstract:

The development of a new international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ agreement) is in the final negotiation phase. Legal recognition of rights of nature is emerging worldwide as a fresh imperative to preserve ecological integrity, safeguard human wellbeing, broaden participation in decision-making, and give a voice to nature - but so far exclusively within national jurisdiction. In this paper, we consider how a Rights of Nature perspective might inform the BBNJ agreement. We examine Rights of Nature laws and identify four characteristics relating to: i) rights; ii) connectivity; iii) reciprocity; and iv) representation and implementation. We argue that a Rights of Nature perspective can reinforce existing ocean governance norms, inspire new measures to enhance the effectiveness and equitability of the BBNJ agreement and enable global ocean stewardship in ABNJ.
Fishing in the Twilight Zone: Illuminating governance challenges at the next fisheries frontier

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Kristina Gjerde, Aria Finkelstein, and 1 more author

2019

High Hopes for the High Seas: beyond the package deal towards an ambitious treaty

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Klaudija Cremers, Julien Rochette, and 6 more authors

Abstract:

Cognisant of the growing threats to biodiversity in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), States at the United Nations are negotiating a treaty to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of this vast global commons. These negotiations provide a unique and timely opportunity to strengthen the management regime for the global ocean, building on the vision of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The treaty will cover a ‘package deal’ of issues: marine genetic resources (MGRs); area-based manage- ment tools (ABMTs), including marine protected areas (MPAs); environmental impact assessments (EIAs); and capacity building and technology transfer. In order to be effective, ambitious provisions are needed on each of these elements, including by addressing climate change and ensuring the protection of marine ecosystems. A fair and equitable treaty could further support conservation and sustainable use by strengthening existing management frameworks and providing global oversight, developing capacity, and placing science at the heart of decision making.
High-seas fish biodiversity is slipping through the governance net

journal article Co-Author

Nature Ecology & Evolution

Guillermo Ortuno Crespo, Daniel C. Dunn, Matthew Gianni, and 3 more authors

Abstract:

States at the United Nations have begun negotiating a new treaty to strengthen the legal regime for marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Failure to ensure the full scope of fish biodiversity is covered could result in thousands of species continuing to slip through the cracks of a fragmented global ocean governance framework.
Achieving a Healthy Ocean - Regional Ocean Governance Beyond 2020 (Marine Regions Forum 2019 Conference Report)

report Co-Author

2018

Protect the neglected half of our blue planet

oped Lead author

Nature

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, Kristina M. Gjerde, and 1 more author

Abstract:

At the close of 2017, 14 million UK viewers tuned into the acclaimed second series of David Attenborough’s Blue Planet, making it the year’s most-watched television show. It brought the wonders of the ocean into people’s living rooms and captured the public imagination as never before. Now is the time to capitalize on this enthusiasm, and to advocate for strong, legally binding protections for the high seas - the almost two-thirds of our planet’s ocean that are beyond the control of any one State.
The Long and Winding Road: negotiating a treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, Kristina Gjerde, and 1 more author

Abstract:

Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) cover nearly half of the Earth’s surface and host a significant portion of its biodiversity. The international community, increasingly aware of the growing threats to ecosystems in ABNJ, has been informally discussing options to conserve and sustainably use its biodiversity for more than a decade. On 24 December 2017, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) decided to convene an intergovernmental conference (IGC) to elaborate an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) for the conservation and sustainable use of the biological diversity of ABNJ. As States continue to navigate the complex issues at stake and start to negotiate the provisions of a new agreement, it is imperative that all stakeholders have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the history of the process, elements under discussion, State positions to date, and the challenges that lie ahead. The Long and Winding Road provides a guide to the discussions for both experienced participants and newcomers to the process.
Academia Obscura: The Hidden Silly Side of Higher Education

book Author

2017

Risky Business: Enterprise Liability, Corporate Groups and Torts

journal article Author

Journal of European Tort Law
Partnering for a Sustainable Ocean: The Role of Regional Ocean Governance in Implementing SDG14

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Stefanie Schmidt, Julien Rochette, and 5 more authors

Abstract:

This report highlights the relevance of regional ocean governance (ROG) for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, the achievement of SDG14, and the transition to ecosystem-based management more generally. The report assesses the roles and mandates of different regional approaches and frameworks, and showcases some pragmatic and practical examples of ROG efforts that may provide useful lessons for the implementation of SDG14. The report also highlights some of the key contributions that regional approaches can make to some of the overarching challenges of the 2030 Agenda, including capacity development, institutional transformation, and sustainable financing.
Ocean Energy: Governance Challenges for Wave and Tidal Stream Technologies

book Lead author

2016

Establishing a legal research agenda for ocean energy

journal article Lead author

Marine Policy

Glen Wright, Anne Marie, O Hagan, and 8 more authors

Abstract:

The literature on ocean energy has, to date, largely focussed on technical, environmental, and, increasingly, social and political aspects. Legal and regulatory factors have received far less attention, despite their importance in supporting this new technology and ensuring its sustainable development. Building on the social sciences research agenda developed by the International network for Social Studies of Marine Energy (ISSMER) and published in Energy Policy, a complementary agenda for legal research linked to ocean energy was set out. Key directions for future research structured around the core themes of marine governance: (i) international law; (ii) environmental impacts; (iii) rights and ownership; (iv) consenting processes; and (v) management of marine space and resources were identified.

2015

Marine governance in an industrialised ocean: A case study of the emerging marine renewable energy industry

journal article Author

Marine Policy

Abstract:

The world’s oceans are currently undergoing an unprecedented period of industrialisation, made possible by advances in technology and driven by our growing need for food, energy and resources. This is placing the oceans are under intense pressure, and the ability of existing marine governance frameworks to sustainably manage the marine environment is increasingly being called into question. Emerging industries are challenging all aspects of these frameworks, raising questions regarding ownership and rights of the sea and its resources, management of environmental impacts, and management of ocean space. This paper uses the emerging marine renewable energy (MRE) industry, particularly in the United Kingdom (UK), as a case study to introduce and explore some of the key challenges. The paper concludes that the challenges are likely to be extensive and argues for development of a comprehensive legal research agenda to advance both MRE technologies and marine governance frameworks.
Rights and ownership in sea country: implications of marine renewable energy for indigenous and local communities

journal article Co-Author

Marine Policy

Sandy Kerr, John Colton, Kate Johnson, and 1 more author

Abstract:

The adoption of UN Convention of the Law of the Sea in 1982 created optimism for indigenous peoples and marginalised coastal communities that they may (re)gain control of, or improve access to, marine resources. However concerns were also raised that opening the seas to industrial development might create threats for traditional users of the sea. Twenty-ﬁve years later the potential enclosure of large areas of coastal seas to marine renewable energy development is reigniting debates about marine governance, access and control over marine resources. Case studies in Scotland, Canada, New Zealand and Australia reveal a dynamic tension between: an economic development ‘blue growth’ agenda requiring the creation of private rights in the sea; and socio-political drivers which seek to address historic injustices and increase access to natural resources by indigenous and marginalised coastal communities. As yet there is little evidence of this tension being adequately addressed by emerging institutional frameworks for managing marine resources.

2012

Unwired: Options for Increasing Network Demand Management in the National Electricity Market

report Lead author

Glen Wright and Mark Byrne

2011

Conceptualising and combating transnational environmental crime

journal article Author

Trends in Organized Crime

Abstract:

To date, transnational environmental crime has been poorly attended to by the transnational organised crime and transnational policing discourse. Academics have focused on individual elements of environmental crime, neglecting a broader theoretical discussion, while national and international institutions have prioritised other forms of organised crime, giving little thought to the nuanced nature of transnational environmental crime and how this should be reflected in policing and countermeasures. This paper attempts to rectify this by conceptualising transnational environmental crime and suggesting ways forward for countermeasure development. The paper will begin by looking at the problem of environmental crime, its value, scope and effects, concluding that the damaging nature of transnational environmental crime demands a greater focus on its policing. The nature of transnational environmental crime will then be discussed by reference to traditional forms of organised crime. It will be argued that, while transnational environmental crime is a form of organised crime, and has some features in common with the traditional organised crimes, such as drug smuggling and people trafficking, it is the substantial differences that should guide the approach to developing countermeasures. The development of effective countermeasures, it is concluded, requires a significant change in policy at every level.

2026

Le traite sur la protection de la biodiversite en haute mer entre en vigueur

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Key Quotes:

"La COP décidera du pourcentage auquel les pays développés vont contribuer, mais 50 % de cette contribution sera destinée à un fonds spécial pour soutenir les pays en développement", expliquait en mars 2023 Glen Wright, chercheur sur la gouvernance internationale de l’océan à l’Iddri
French
Foro Social Mas Alla del Crecimiento

workshop Participant

Abstract:

Un espacio de encuentro para construir democraticamente las bases de una transicion ecosocial justa que cuestione el capitalismo verde y proponga alternativas mas alla del crecimiento basadas en el decrecimiento y la economia del bienestar, para superar el modelo economico actual en vias de colapso.

Spanish

2025

Renewables 2025 Global Status Report: Global Overview

report Co-Author

Abstract:

In 2024, global renewable energy growth was primarily driven by the power sector, where capacity expanded by 741 gigawatts (GW), the largest annual increase ever recorded. Solar photovoltaics (PV) led this growth, supported by rapidly falling costs, large-scale deployments and mature supply chains; however, growth in wind energy installations slowed. Deployment of battery storage hit record levels, driven by falling prices and growing recognition of storage as critical for grid reliability. Despite this momentum, renewable energy growth could not keep pace with rising global electricity demand. Growth in electricity demand was driven by higher temperatures, industrial expansion and rapid electrification in emerging markets. Data centres consumed large amounts of electricity as use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies continued to grow. Renewables were deployed to meet some of this demand, and fossil fuels filled the gap. Global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased 0.8% compared to 2023. The year 2024 was the hottest on record, and for the first time the global average temperature exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius ( degreesC) above pre-industrial levels over a full calendar year. Climate impacts intensified worldwide: Los Angeles (United States) faced severe wildfires, Valencia (Spain) experienced extreme flooding, droughts hit Latin America, and flash floods inundated the Caribbean. These events disrupted communities, economies, and energy systems, with vulnerable regions suffering the most. This series of disasters again emphasises that the climate emergency is not a future threat it is already disrupting lives and livelihoods across the planet. Energy security remained in the spotlight in 2024, as geopolitical tensions, trade disruptions and rising economic nationalism influenced national energy strategies. Countries sought to secure supply, reduce external dependencies and control prices. While some countries accelerated their investments in renewables and energy storage to reduce risk and increase resilience, fossil fuel investments also grew, often driven by industrial lobbying and short-term security concerns. As these developments underscore, the energy transition is shaped not only by technical and economic factors, but also by political and governance choices, domestic pressures and competing visions of national interest. Renewable energy is no longer just a climate solution; it is essential infrastructure. In a world of intersecting crises, renewables support sustainable economic development, public health and energy security.
Renewables for Nature: Integrating Biodiversity & Communities in Energy Policy

webinar Facilitator

REN21 and The Nature Conservancy
Speakers:

José Elias Cabrera, Policy Officer, DG ENER (European Commission)

Louise Combret, Renewable Energy Policy Associate, The Nature Conservancy

Anne Georgelin, Deputy Head of the Office for Hydraulic and Marine Renewable Energies at the French Directorate-General for Energy and Climate (DGEC).

Ross Glover, Senior Nature Strategy Manager, SSE Renewables

Zoë Ledwith, Policy Advisor, REScoop

Dr Boze Hancock, Senior Marine Habitat Restoration Scientist, The Nature Conservancy

Andrea Wainer, Sustainability Lead, REN21
Abstract:

How can renewable energy accelerate the energy transition while also delivering tangible benefits for nature and communities? This joint online event hosted by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and REN21 will explore this question through the lens of the newly adopted Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA) and its provisions on non-price criteria (NPCs) in renewable energy auctions. Bringing together perspectives from policymakers, industry leaders, and civil society, the event will highlight how well-crafted energy policy can drive climate action while also restoring ecosystems and empowering local communities. We’ll take a deep dive into the role of NPCs within the EU’s new policy framework and examine their current and future implementation across EU Member States.

Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMmbqMbH8go
Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction (GlobalABC) General Assembly

conference Attendee

Abstract:

Since the 2023 GlobalABC Annual Assembly in Helsinki (1 and 2 June 2023), GlobalABC has been highly active, strengthening its role as a community and a collaborative force for a zero-emission, resilient buildings and construction sector. Members have contributed through thematic hubs and action groups, leading to the release of widely recognised Global Status Reports (2023 and 2024) on sector decarbonisation. Additionally, 8 national and subnational roadmaps on the buildings and construction sector decarbonization were launched, and GlobalABC-hosted events at COP28 (Dubai, 2023) and COP29 (Baku, 2024), including at its “COP Pavilion” brought together multiple members and experts and generated many strategic discussions. GlobalABC also successfully engaged with UNFCCC processes, including the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) and the Marrakesh Partnership.The success of GlobalABC in the recent years, brought the Coalition to a higher level of engagement with countries and stakeholders. At COP28, the Buildings Breakthrough was launched, and the GlobalABC Secretariat received a new important task of being its facilitator.Following the Global Forum on Buildings and Climate (Paris, 7-8 March 2024) where the Chaillot Declaration was endorsed by the governments of 60 countries, and the High-Level Roundtable on Green Construction and Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Climate Resilience in Cities (COP 29, 20 November 2024), the Intergovernmental Council for Buildings and Climate (ICBC) was established. The GlobalABC was requested to assume the role of the ICBC Secretariat as well. This is a significant development enabling effective coordination and synergies between the activities of GlobalABC, ICBC and the Buildings Breakthrough. This 2025 Annual Assembly therefore aims to develop synergies between various GlobalABC activities and formulate proposals for collaboration with the ICBC. Furthermore, the Assembly will facilitate an exchange of knowledge and best practices among the members, and support capacity-building through bespoke training sessions, which will be organised during the Assembly.
A New York, une ceremonie acte l’entree en vigueur debut 2026 du traite sur la biodiversite en haute mer

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Abstract:

Les representants des 68 Etats ayant a ce jour ratifie le traite sur la preservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversite en haute mer se sont reunis le 23 septembre 2025 a New York, en marge de l’Assemblee generale des Nations unies, pour celebrer son entree en vigueur en janvier prochain. Le traite prevoit la creation d’aires marines protegees dans les eaux internationales et la realisation d’etudes d’impact environnemental prealables a tout projet. De source diplomatique, la premiere conference des parties a ce texte est attendue "a l’automne 2026 au plus tard".
Key Quotes:

Le traité prévoit aussi de mettre en place un partage obligatoire des bénéfices issus de l’exploitation des ressources génétiques marines. "La COP décidera du pourcentage auquel les pays développés vont contribuer, mais 50 % de cette contribution sera destinée à un fonds spécial pour soutenir les pays en développement", décryptait en mars 2023 Glen Wright, chercheur sur la gouvernance internationale de l’océan à l’Iddri.
French
Governing marine spaces in the context of the energy transitions: challenges and cooperation

Side Event Presenter
Renewables in Energy Supply: Ocean Power

report Author

2024

How to Protect Our Ocean

conference Facilitator
Speakers:

Vivienne Dosoo, Environmental Policy, Sciences Po

Rémi Parmentier, Director, The Varda Group

Monica Verbeek, CEO, Seas at Risk
Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1G8-Qm1J8SU
Key Quotes:

Glen Wright opened the debate by asking the panelists an uncommon question: ’what has given them hope in the last year?’

Plastic is everywhere, and we don’t necessarily have the technology to fight it. What can a new international treaty bring into a question that is quite technological?
Renewables 2024 Global Status Report: Energy Systems and Infrastructure

report Co-Author

Abstract:

This module explores the status and recent trends of some of the building blocks of the energy system, as well as technology advancements that are enabling the integration of higher shares of variable renewable electricity. Global electricity demand increased 27% between 2013 and 2023, putting pressure on existing power grids. In many locations, distributed generation is growing faster than grid capacity. Utility-scale battery storage grew 120% in 2023. Pumped storage remains the most common solution for large-scale utility storage. Investment in hydrogen increased 203% in 2023 to reach USD 10.4 billion. The bulk of hydrogen production worldwide continues to come from fossil fuel sources.
Renewables 2024 Global Status Report: Energy Demand

report Co-Author

Abstract:

Despite a notable decline in the prices of fossil fuels and other energy commodities in the first half of 2023, wholesale electricity prices remained high in many countries, negatively affecting energy-consuming sectors. Inflation and high interest rates continued to hamper investment, particularly in emerging markets that face debt burdens and a higher cost of capital. Meanwhile, massive subsidies to fossil fuels remain prevalent and have distorted the market, placing renewables at a disadvantage. Renewables nonetheless continued to prove attractive as an affordable and secure energy source in 2023, with investments rising to a record USD 623 billion and corporate power purchase agreements reaching a record 46 gigawatts (GW)
Renewables 2024 Global Status Report: Economic and Social Value Creation

report Co-Author
Renewables 2024 Global Status Report: Energy Supply

report Co-Author

Abstract:

Global investment in and deployment of renewables reached an all-time high in 2023, despite high interest rates and higher costs of raw materials. Globally, renewable energy supplied 30% of electricity, 10% of heat and 3.5% of fuel in 2023. Global renewable capacity additions need to reach almost 1 terawatt (TW) per year to achieve the global target of 11 TW by 2030. Investment in renewable energy and enabling technology manufacturing grew 70% in 2023, mainly in solar PV and batteries. In 2023, 24 countries updated their targets for the share of renewables in the electricity supply.
The Future of Energy: New Technologies and Human Development

webinar Speaker

The Future of Energy: New Technologies and their Impacts for Human Development
Speakers:

Muhammad Asif, Professor, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia

Christiano França da Cunha, Professor, Representative of State University of Campinas, Brazil

Alexey Mikheev, Head of Scientific and Analytical Center, Melentiev Energy Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Nurcan Kilinc-Ata, Assistant Professor, Al-Qasimia University, UAE; Senior Researcher, HSE University

Igor Makarov, Head of the School of World Economy, Head of the Laboratory for Climate Change Economics, HSE University
Renewables 2024 Global Status Report, Global Overview

webinar Speaker Facilitator

Abstract:

Policy responses to geopolitical developments and global commitments accelerated the deployment and use of renewable energy in 2023, especially in the power sector. The historic decision at the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) to triple renewable energy capacity and double annual energy efficiency improvements by 2030 further raised ambition and built momentum for renewables. Growing leadership and appetite for renewables in developing countries is clear, but finance remains a major obstacle. Renewables are increasing in the overall energy mix, but they are not replacing coal, oil and gas at the required pace for various reasons: the overall demand for energy is rising fast, renewable energy projects are significantly more expensive in developing countries and large bottlenecks persist in permitting, infrastructure and connecting renewables to grids.
Buildings and Climate Global Forum

conference Attendee

Government France, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Alliance Buildings, and 1 more author

Abstract:

The Buildings and Climate Global Forum, co-organised by France and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), with the support of the Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction, gathered for the first time ministers and high-level representatives of key organisations, to initiate a new impetus in international collaboration for building decarbonisation and resilience after the Conference of the Parties (COP) 28. During two days, this Forum provided a unique opportunity to engage with ministers in charge of decarbonisation and resilience of the buildings, real estate, and construction sectors from all world regions. High-level representatives and experts of key stakeholder organisations were invited, across the entire buildings sector value chain, including local authorities, NGOs, and businesses. Over 800 participants were expected. Many sessions on key topics, CEO and ministerial roundtables, plenary meetings, solution exhibitions, and pitches provided the opportunity to exchange, network and work together. Governments were invited to endorse a common declaration outlining common principles and cooperation framework for global efforts to achieve decarbonisation and climate change resilience in the buildings sector. All stakeholders of the buildings sector were invited to disclose specific engagements to support the Forum’s ambition. The Forum followed the successful launch of the Buildings Breakthrough, supported by 28 governments, the European Commission, and 19 international initiatives at COP28 in Dubai on 6 December 2023.

Video:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-_BDHp9SAKLrn_IwwsosgMnRMOPDEdRu
Energies renouvelables: "Une capacite trop faible pour suivre l’augmentation de la consommation"

newspaper Quoted Interview

News Tank Energies
Fourteenth Session of the IRENA Assembly, Part II

conference Delegate

Abstract:

The Assembly session delved into the crucial theme of “Outcome of COP28: Infrastructure, Policies and Skills for Tripling Renewables and Accelerating the Energy Transition”. Marking the 4th World Energy Transition Day, the Assembly session also gathered global leaders and energy decision-makers to chart a strategic way forward across countries, regions and the world, in light of the findings of the first Global Stocktake at COP28. Given the urgent need for extraordinary levels of political momentum and international cooperation, several Ministerial and High-level sessions were convened as part of the Assembly session, as well as during the Pre-Assembly Day on 16 April 2024, to facilitate interaction between decision-makers on pressing issues related to the energy transition in the coming decade and beyond, and inform the future work of the Agency

2023

"The ship has reached the shore": why the historic Agreement to protect the High Seas matters and what happens next

blog

Glen Wright, Arne Langlet, and Ina Tessnow-Von Wysocki

Abstract:

On Saturday March 4, 2023, the President of the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) tasked with elaborating an Agreement to protect global ocean biodiversity declared, “The ship has reached the shore”. After a long and winding road of more than 15 years of discussions, consensus on an Agreement to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) has finally been reached. What is in the Agreement, what could it do, and what happens next?
A High Seas Treaty on the Horizon: Progress and Prospects for the Intergovernmental Conference

journal article Lead author

Ocean Yearbook

Glen Wright, Klaudija Cremers, and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

After more than a decade of discussions, States at the United Nations are nearing agreement on a new international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction. The instrument would resolve longstanding questions over the use of marine genetic resources, put in place a process for the des-ignation of marine protected areas, strengthen the framework for environ-mental impact assessment, and enhance capacity building and technology transfer. At the fifth meeting of the Intergovernmental Conference in August 2022, delegations showed significantly more flexibility and made con-siderable progress towards consensus. Many issues nonetheless remained unresolved and the meeting ultimately could not deliver the clean text needed to negotiate the final trade-offs. This short commentary reviews the progress made, identifies key outstanding issues, and highlights the next steps in the process to finalize the high seas treaty.
High Seas Treaty: preliminary analysis and implementation challenges

webinar Facilitator Speaker
Speakers:

Arne Langlet (University of Vienna)

Kristina Gjerde (IUCN)

Glen Wright (IDDRI)

Harriet Harden-Davies, Vanessa Ferreira Lopes and Júlia Shutz Veiga (Ocean Voices)
Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmQHtQYfhQg
Environmental Impact Assessments on the High Seas

webinar Speaker

High seas treaty: preliminary analysis and implementation challenges

Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmQHtQYfhQg
Initial reflections to support rapid, effective and equitable implementation of the BBNJ Agreement

report Co-Author

Kristina M. Gjerde, Nichola Clark, Clement Chazot, and 10 more authors
Much still pending on how high seas sanctions will work

newspaper Interview Quoted

France 24
Abstract:

A new global treaty on the high seas will enable the creation of sanctuaries deemed vital for the oceans, but many questions remain unanswered. Among them: How can we protect marine areas far from the...
Key Quotes:

"Four years would be very optimistic. Sadly, I think maybe five or six is more realistic, " predicts Glen Wright, a researcher at the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), while Epps reckons we won’t see any before 2027.

On the high seas, "I find it hard to imagine that there will be any large, strictly protected areas, " says Wright, who thinks it more viable to create small areas with maximum restrictions (such as a total ban on activities) and others with limited measures – perhaps seasonally enforced to protect breeding or migrating species.
El Tratado de alta mar no bastara para evitar la mineria submarina

newspaper Interview Quoted

efeverde
Abstract:

El experto en politica internacional Glen Wright aclara que el Tratado de alta mar de la ONU no podra por si solo frenar la mineria submarina
Key Quotes:

De hecho, el documento «no tendrá impacto legal en ningún otro proceso internacional» hasta que sea traducido a los idiomas oficiales y ratificado por al menos 60 Estados, por lo que Wright ha advertido contra la «desinformación» respecto a su posible influencia en actividades como la minería en fondos marinos o la pesca en aguas internacionales, un espacio que representa el 64 % de los océanos y un 45 % del planeta.

«Tendemos a referirnos a estos organismos como si fueran entidades propias, pero en realidad sus decisiones dependen de los Estados», ha precisado este experto que, tras 15 años trabajando en política pública marina, considera este acuerdo «clave» para responder a la falta de coordinación que a su juicio existe entre las organizaciones del mar.

Existe un problema añadido: «no hay una policía del mar» para asegurar que se respeta lo acordado, por lo que el control quedará en manos de un comité que podrá «llamar la atención» a quien vulnere la regulación.

Este mecanismo de presión pública es «suave pero funciona en otros tratados», asegura este especialista para quien «muy a menudo basta con la transparencia y con que te llamen la atención para cambiar un comportamiento».

Como ejemplo, señala lo ocurrido con la Convención sobre el comercio internacional de especies amenazadas, que ha resultado «relativamente efectiva» basándose en un comité de cumplimiento.
Spanish
Biodiversite en haute mer : suspendues depuis l’ete 2022, les negociations rouvrent pour un potentiel dernier round

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Abstract:

Cette session sera-t-elle la derniere ? Suspendues en aout dernier, les negociations sur le futur traite juridiquement contraignant visant a conserver...
Key Quotes:

À quelques heures de replonger — du 20 février au 3 mars à New York — dans la 5e session de négociations sur le futur traité juridiquement contraignant sur la conservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité en haute mer, il y a "globalement" une envie d’aboutir, décrivent auprès d’AEF info Glen Wright, chercheur senior sur la gouvernance internationale de l’océan, et François Chartier, chargé de campagne océans pour Greenpeace France.

La commission pourrait ainsi écrire "les premiers jets de futures réglementations et le comité scientifique identifier des options en matière d’aires marines", explique Glen Wright. La note propose aussi la mise en place d’un "mécanisme de mise en œuvre du financement de la haute mer". Abondé par des fonds publics et privés, il permettrait d’entreprendre ces travaux préparatoires "essentiels avant même l’entrée en vigueur du traité".
French
Traite sur la haute mer : a qui appartiennent les ressources de l’ocean ?

newspaper Interview Quoted

La Croix

Abstract:

Les Etats membres de l’ONU reprennent les negociations d’un traite sur la haute mer ce lundi 20 fevrier pour reglementer et mieux proteger les eaux internationales. L’un des principaux points de blocage est le partage des " ressources genetiques marines ", tous ces composants du vivant marin aux proprietes prometteuses dans le domaine de la sante.

French
Renewable Energy and Sustainability Report

report Co-Author
GWEC-GWO Wind Workforce Outlook webinar

webinar Speaker
Global Status of Renewables

webinar Speaker
Workshop on supplementary indicators towards climate targets

workshop Participant
Speakers:

Jesse Scott, Bipashyee Ghosh (University of Sussex, University College London)

Xiliang Zhang (Tsinghua University)

Martijn Verdonk (RVO)

Djoko Suroso (Institut Teknologi Bandung)

Yong Gun (Korea Environment Insitute)

Stefania Relva (E+ Energy Transition Institute)

Sebastian Oberthür (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)

Ümit Sahin (Istanbul Policy Center)

Tim Lancaster (cloud at Digital Space)

Gireesh Shrimali (University of Oxford)

Manish Kumar Shrivastava (The Energy and Resources Institute)
Abstract:

Building on recent work by DIW Berlin, Ecologic, and Client Earth, practices established by the UK Climate Change Committee, and global tracking such as the IEA Tracking Clean Energy Progress reports, and as part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI) project “Strengthen national climate policy implementation” (SNAPFI) we want to explore the idea of supplementary indicators to climate targets. How would they be formulated to be effective and attractive to support an inclusive and just transition to climate neutrality in different countries? Workshop participants discussed examples and experiences from jurisdictions around the world of various types of transition indicators from the climate and other policy domains, and explored how indicators can be formulated to be effective and attractive both as aids to domestic and international policy making and to public communications of goals and results.
The Inside Story of the U.N. High Seas Treaty

newspaper Interview Quoted

The New Yorker
Key Quotes:

“Society, basically, is just layers of consensus, ” Glen Wright, a senior researcher at the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, said during one sleepless night at the U.N. “Like the consensus that these agreements matter. They carry a moral and political weight that resonates far into the future.”
Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: what’s next for the Ocean?

webinar Organiser Facilitator
Speakers:

Julien Rochette, Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI)

Cyrille Barnerias, French Biodiversity Agency (OFB)

Gabino Gonzalez Deogracia, Barcelona Convention Secretariat

Raphaël Goulet, DG Mare, European Commission

Darius Campbell, North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)

Fanny Douvere, World Heritage Centre Marine Programme, United Nations Education, Science and Cultural Organisation, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Jorge Jiménez, MarViva Foundation

Tim White, Global Fishing Watch
Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sfz-xy6UgAQ
Cilmate Change: International Law & Negotiations

training Speaker

Energy Transition masters
Negocie depuis 2018 a New York, l’accord "historique" sur la biodiversite en haute mer est enfin acte

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Abstract:

Apres cinq sessions de negociations commencees en 2018, les Etats ont enfin acte le 4 mars 2023 a New York le futur traite international juridiquement...
Key Quotes:

Obtenir un accord multilatéral dans le contexte actuel, c’est vraiment impressionnant", ajoute Glen Wright, chercheur sur la gouvernance internationale de l’océan à l’Iddri, auprès d’AEF info le 6 mars 2023.

La création d’aires marines protégées est ainsi actée. Elle ne nécessitera plus le consensus des parties à la future COP, se félicite Greenpeace France, mais la majorité des deux tiers. "C’est absolument clé", juge Glen Wright, cette solution permettant d’éviter de reproduire les blocages observés au sein de la convention sur la conservation de la faune et la flore marines de l’Antarctique (dite Ccamlar).

Surtout, le principal "point de friction" de ces négociations, le partage des bénéfices issus de l’exploitation des ressources génétiques marines, a pu aboutir. Le partage des bénéfices sera obligatoire, explique le chercheur Glen Wright. Et les États se sont mis d’accord pour que la décision de financement revienne à la future COP (par une majorité des trois quarts) et que le paiement soit effectué par l’intermédiaire d’un fonds spécial. Un comité sur l’accès et le partage des bénéfices est également créé. "La COP décidera du pourcentage auquel les pays développés vont contribuer, mais 50 % de cette contribution sera destinée à un fonds spécial pour soutenir les pays en développement", décrypte Glen Wright.

Pour y contribuer, l’Union européenne "prévoit 50 millions d’euros pour faciliter la ratification du traité et sa mise en œuvre initiale", indique Glen Wright, et 30 M$ seront également apportés par des fondations.
French
Non-use Measures in International Law

workshop Participant
Resumed fifth session of the Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate
Further resumed fifth session of the Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate
1st Part of the 28th Annual Session of the International Seabed Authority (ISA)

conference Delegate

2022

Getting Beyond Yes: Fast-tracking Implementation of the United Nations Agreement for Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction

journal article Co-Author

npj Ocean Sustainability

Kristina M. Gjerde, Nichola A. Clark, Clement Chazot, and 10 more authors

Abstract:

With a new international agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) on the horizon, now is the time to start laying the foundation for successful implementation. This paper provides some initial reflections for supporting rapid, effective, and equitable implementation of the BBNJ Agreement in three priority areas: (1) bringing the Agreement into force; (2) establishing the institutional framework, including financial mechanisms; and (3) developing capacity, science, and technology. With reference to selected examples from other international processes, the paper makes suggestions for encouraging wide ratification of the BBNJ Agreement, establishing a Preparatory Commission (PrepCom), mobilizing resources, and building partnerships to advance science and capacity. The growing impacts of climate change and human activities on the global ocean necessitate urgent action, so we must begin to work on the implementation of the BBNJ Agreement as soon as possible to secure ocean health for the benefit of present and future generations.
Conserving the Global Ocean: Initial Indications for Effective Area-based Management Tools on the High Seas

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Morgane Bouvet, Klaudija Cremers, and 1 more author
Digging deep: critical questions remain in the rush to regulate seabed mining

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Klaudija Cremers, and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) defines areas of maritime jurisdiction and sets out the rights and obligations of States, thus serving as a “Constitution for the ocean”. Whereas Coastal States have exclusive rights to harvest minerals within their national jurisdiction, mineral resources of the seabed beyond national jurisdiction (“the Area”) are subject to a dedicated international legal framework. Under UNCLOS, seabed minerals in the Area are part of the common heritage of humankind: they cannot be appropriated by any one State and benefits arising from their exploitation must be shared. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is responsible for regulating mining in the international seabed Area and protecting the marine environment. Having operated in relative obscurity since its inception in 1994, the Authority is now firmly in the spotlight, especially since Nauru triggered a rule in the international legal framework in June 2021 that requires adoption of exploitation regulations by 9 July 2023 (the “two-year rule”). At the same time, calls to halt development of seabed mining are growing, including from States, scientists, and the private sector. The ISA is at an inflection point, and States must carefully consider next steps as strong political engagement and action will be essential for finding a way forward. This Issue Brief aims to help States and stakeholders to understand the legal framework and the current state of play, with a particular focus on the two-year rule. It outlines possible pathways to averting deadlock and instituting a precautionary pause on the development of mining activities.
Chair and Students’ Roundtable: Ocean Governance Challenges and Opportunities

webinar Speaker

Abstract:

The third Chair and Students’ Roundtable was held on February 24. It was a virtual event. The topic was “Ocean Governance Challenges and Opportunities”. We were delighted to welcome Glen Wright (PSIA Professor, IDDRI) as our guest expert.
Biodiversite en haute mer : le traite reste hors de portee malgre une...

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info

Abstract:

Ce que les observateurs pressentaient debut mars s’est verifie: a New York, la quatrieme session de negociations sur le futur traite international sur...

French
Briefing for negotiators: Ensuring Effective Implementation of a High Seas Biodiversity Treaty

report Author
Ensuring Effective Implementation of a High Seas Biodiversity Treaty: Lessons Learned and Options for an Implementation and Compliance Committee

report Co-Author

Morgane Bouvet, Glen Wright, Daniel Kechelriess, and 2 more authors
Ocean Power

report section Author

REN21, Renewables 2022 Global Status Report
Summary report: Inter-regional Dialogues on High Seas Governance

report Author

Abstract:

Member States at the United Nations (UN) are currently negotiating a new treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of high seas biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). While in-person negotiations at the intergovernmental conference (IGC) were interrupted by the global pandemic, intersessional discussions continued online and States continued to exchange views, reflect on their positions, and consider how an agreement might ultimately be concluded. Seeking to facilitate these exchanges, the STRONG High Seas project and regional partners convened four inter-regional expert meetings, connecting colleagues across continents to share experiences and discuss high seas governance issues.
Towards Integrated Ocean Management of the High Seas: Lessons Learnt for Regional and Global Action

workshop Organiser Participant
High Seas Marine Protected Areas: Vast, Remote and Costly?

workshop Facilitator Organiser
Speakers:

Sébastien Treyer, Executive Director, IDDRI

Minna Epps, Director, Global Marine and Polar Programme, IUCN

Mark Young, Executive Director, International MCS Network
Abstract:

Organised by IDDRI in the context of the STRONG High Seas project, in cooperation with the International Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (IMCS) Network and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), this online informal workshop will gather around 50 participants involved in BBNJ, MPA and MCS processes, including State representatives, MPA practitioners, scientists and representatives of international organisations and civil society. This invite-only workshop will offer participants the opportunity to explore the diversity of MCS tools and assess the feasibility of their implementation in ABNJ to ensure the effective management of future MPAs. Lessons from existing large-scale MPAs will be drawn and participants will discuss opportunities to make the draft BBNJ treaty fit for MCS purposes.
From Commitment to Action: Exploring Ocean-Linked Political and Finance Solutions to Climate Change

conference Facilitator

Worldwide Teach-in on Climate & Justice
Biodiversite en haute mer : craintes sur l’ambition des aires marines...

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Abstract:

Les negociations sur le traite de conservation et d’utilisation durable de la biodiversite en haute mer sont entrees dans une nouvelle phase avec la publication, ...
Key Quotes:

“En revanche, d’autres points cruciaux du projet de traité ont peu avancé, notent les chercheurs. Notamment celui des études d’impact à réaliser avant tout projet d’exploitation en haute mer. "Sur ce sujet, les positions restent les mêmes", observe Glen Wright, spécialiste de la gouvernance internationale de l’océan. D’un côté, les pays en développement attendent que le traité fixe de nouvelles obligations pour que ces études soient systématiquement réalisées pour toutes les activités envisagées et que des lignes directrices soient établies.”
French
Biodiversite en haute mer : cinquieme et potentiel dernier round pour...

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Abstract:

La 5e et potentielle derniere session de negociations sur le futur traite international sur la conservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversite...
Key Quotes:

En revanche, d’autres points cruciaux du projet de traité ont peu avancé, notent les chercheurs. Notamment celui des études d’impact à réaliser avant tout projet d’exploitation en haute mer. "Sur ce sujet, les positions restent les mêmes", observe Glen Wright, spécialiste de la gouvernance internationale de l’océan. D’un côté, les pays en développement attendent que le traité fixe de nouvelles obligations pour que ces études soient systématiquement réalisées pour toutes les activités envisagées et que des lignes directrices soient établies.

Car de "nombreux compris" devront encore être trouvés à New York. En effet, si le nouveau texte est "bon", selon Glen Wright, il comporte encore des options "très opposées" sur ses quatre principaux enjeux :

les questions concernant les ressources génétiques marines, y compris celles liées au partage des avantages : sur ce sujet, les pays en développement attendent des bénéfices monétaires, via par exemple la création d’un fonds, quand les pays développés souhaitent plutôt développer des aspects non monétaires, tels que l’assistance technique et le transfert de technologies, et les rendre volontaires. Une autre ligne de fracture sépare pays en développement des pays développés : la demande de faire de la haute mer un patrimoine commun de l’humanité, ce dont les pays du Nord refusent d’entendre parler ;

les mesures telles que les outils de gestion par zone, y compris les aires marines protégées ;

les études d’impact sur l’environnement : sur ce sujet, il reste à définir qui des États ou de la future COP sera en charge de réaliser les études puis de décider si des activités pourront ou non être entreprises. La question du seuil à partir duquel l’étude d’impact sera obligatoire doit également être résolue ;

et le renforcement des capacités et le transfert de techniques marines. Là encore, les pays en développement attendent du concret et obtenir "l’obligation" des pays développés d’y contribuer.

Ce que l’on peut dire, c’est que lors de la dernière session, en mars, seule la Russie a bloqué les négociations — les autres pays, Chine, Japon, Islande se montraient constructifs, ouverts au compromis et plus flexibles qu’avant", relate Glen Wright.
French
La quatrieme session de negociations sur le futur traite de protection...

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Abstract:

Apres une pause de plus de deux ans et demi due a la pandemie de Covid-19, les negociations sur le futur traite international sur la preservation et l’utilisation...
Key Quotes:

“L’idée est de mettre fin à la "gouvernance très fragmentée" qui existe aujourd’hui, selon Glen Wright, chargé de recherche à l’Iddri, spécialiste de la gouvernance internationale des océans. "On résume souvent l’enjeu des négociations en cours à la possibilité de créer des aires marines protégées en haute mer. Mais l’effectivité de ces mesures, et plus largement de l’ensemble du futur édifice, se joue aussi dans ces dispositions, certes techniques mais particulièrement stratégiques", estime l’Iddri dans une note de blog.”
French
MEESO Modelling & stakeholder concern workshop

workshop Participant
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

training Speaker

8th Training Programme on the Sustainable Development and Governance of the Caspian Sea
Marine Spatial Planning

webinar Speaker

YOUMARES talks
High Seas Treaty Dialogues

workshop Participant
Oceans as Archives

conference Attendee

Abstract:

The Oceans as Archives conference contributes to the growing field of critical ocean studies, while intervening in the erasures and occlusions performed in scripting the field as a new terrain of inquiry. This three-day interdisciplinary conference brings together scholars, poets, artists, and activists to share and discuss work that centers the ocean as a source of knowledge and a method for thinking, writing, and critical praxis. The conference provides a space for sharing ideas and theories anchored in the longstanding critical traditions of Black (diaspora) studies, Pacific Islander studies, Critical Indigenous studies, Caribbean philosophy, postcolonial theory, and decolonial and anticolonial critique. There will be panel discussions, film screenings, poetry readings, performances, visual art, workshops, and conference papers.
Fourth session of the Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate
Fifth session of the Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate

2021

Options for Strengthening Monitoring, Control and Surveillance of Human Activities in the Southeast Atlantic Region

report Co-Author

Klaudija Cremers, Morgane Bouvet, Glen Wright, and 1 more author

Abstract:

Effective monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) of human activities is critical for the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean. This is particularly important in the Southeast Atlantic, where highly productive waters foster strong fishing pressure. The STRONG High Seas project (“Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance for the High Seas”) explores ways to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) through enhanced regional governance, including the strengthening of MCS measures. In this context, IDDRI and the Secretariat of the Abidjan Convention organised a two-day online experts’ workshop entitled “Monitoring, Control and Surveillance of Human Activities in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) in Western Africa” (5 and 6 May 2021). The workshop gathered around 40 MCS experts of the Southeast Atlantic region, with representatives from governments, regional organisations, NGOs and academia. Based on the experts’ workshop, literature reviews and interviews with relevant stakeholders, this report explores the challenges of MCS in the Southeast Atlantic region, highlighting best practice examples, ongoing initiatives developed both at national and regional levels, and provides recommendations for decision-makers to strengthen MCS. The report concludes that Southeast Atlantic States can strengthen MCS in the region through improving the collection and sharing of data, enhanced cooperation and coordination, the harmonization of legislation and deterrent sanctions, investing in capacity-building and through more involvement in global and regional processes.
Strengthening high seas governance through enhanced environmental assessment processes: A case study of mesopelagic fisheries and options for a future BBNJ treaty

report Co-Author

Kristina M. Gjerde, Glen Wright, and Carole Durussel

Abstract:

This report explores the challenges of addressing emerging activities in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) through a case study - a hypothetical proposal to develop commercial fisheries in the mesopelagic zone. The case study considers how such a proposal might be addressed by existing global and regional bodies and processes and the potential future role of the BBNJ Agreement.
Marine Regions Forum: An international stakeholder forum to strengthen regional ocean governance

report Co-Author

Barbara Neumann, Sebastian Unger, Laura Weiand, and 2 more authors
Toward a Strategic Action Roadmap on Oceans and Climate: 2016 to 2021

report Lead author
Ocean Power

report section Author

REN21, Renewables 2021 Global Status Report
The Role of Regional Cooperation Efforts for the High Seas of the Southeast Pacific

workshop Participant
Ocean Governance and COVID-19 - Building resilience for marine regions

workshop Participant
High Hopes for the High Seas: Protecting biodiversity in the global ocean

conference Organiser Facilitator

IUCN World Conservation Congress
Speakers:

Kristina Gjerde, IUCN

Peggy Kalas, High Seas Alliance

Harriet Harden-Davies, University of Wollongong

Guillermo Ortuño-Crespo, Stockholm Resilience Centre
Strengthening Monitoring, Control and Surveillance through a High Seas Treaty

conference Speaker

Presentation to the European Union Working Party on the Law of the Sea (COMAR)

Glen Wright and Klaudija Cremers

2020

Options for Strengthening Monitoring, Control and Surveillance of Human Activities in the Southeast Pacific Region

report Co-Author

Klaudija Cremers, Glen Wright, and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

This report provides an overview of a range of ongoing initiatives to improve governance of ABNJ at the regional level, including: novel modalities, such as the “Collective Arrange- ment for the North-East Atlantic”, whereby the OSPAR Commission and the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) seek to strengthen cooperation between organisations with a management mandate in the region; coalition-based initiatives, such as the Sargasso Sea Commission and the Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mam- mals; and the international legal framework of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), under which parties have agreed to develop a representative system of MPAs and have designated the world’s largest MPA in the Ross Sea. These experiences provide a number of useful lessons learnt that can facilitate further devel- opment of regional initiatives and inform the construction of an efficient and effective new international treaty. In particular, this report highlights the need for: effective mechanisms for cooperation and coordination between organisations with a management mandate in ABNJ; the role played by champions and leaders with the political will to drive the process and garner support for improved management; and the importance of developing a dynamic science-policy interface that can provide policy-relevant scientific information to decision makers and stakeholders.
Rights of Nature: Perspectives for Global Ocean Stewardship

journal article Co-Author

Marine Policy

Harriet Harden-Davies, Fran Humphries, Michelle Maloney, and 3 more authors

Abstract:

The development of a new international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ agreement) is in the final negotiation phase. Legal recognition of rights of nature is emerging worldwide as a fresh imperative to preserve ecological integrity, safeguard human wellbeing, broaden participation in decision-making, and give a voice to nature - but so far exclusively within national jurisdiction. In this paper, we consider how a Rights of Nature perspective might inform the BBNJ agreement. We examine Rights of Nature laws and identify four characteristics relating to: i) rights; ii) connectivity; iii) reciprocity; and iv) representation and implementation. We argue that a Rights of Nature perspective can reinforce existing ocean governance norms, inspire new measures to enhance the effectiveness and equitability of the BBNJ agreement and enable global ocean stewardship in ABNJ.
UN discussions on marine genetic resources shape the future of marine biotechnology

blog Co-Author

Klaudija Cremers and Glen Wright

Abstract:

The first recorded medicinal use of marine species dates from almost 3000 BCE in China. In 400 BCE, Hippocrates noted the antibiotic properties of sponges and recommended they be applied to soldiers’ wounds. Today, scientists and companies are racing to discover the medicines of the future, while States are negotiating a cooperative framework.
Strengthening monitoring, control and surveillance of human activities in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction: Challenges and opportunities for an international legally binding instrument

journal article Co-Author

Marine Policy

Klaudija Cremers, Glen Wright, and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

Monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) is critical for the success of marine conservation and management. This raises specific challenges in the deep and distant waters of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), which is characterised by a fragmented governance framework and reliance on flag States to ensure control over vessels. States at the United Nations are currently negotiating an international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of the biological diversity of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction and there is a growing interest in how MCS tools and policies can contribute to the management of this vast global commons. The paper provides some suggested pathways for strengthening MCS in ABNJ, as well as three concrete proposals for provisions that could be included in the future international instrument.
Technical but strategic: reflections on the institutional mechanisms of a future High Seas Treaty

blog Co-Author

Julien Rochette, Klaudija Cremers, Glen Wright, and 2 more authors

Abstract:

The negotiations for the development of a legally binding instrument on high seas biodiversity began at the end of 2017 and are currently suspended due to the public health crisis. The negotiations have focused mainly on the substantive issues at stake, but negotiators must also carefully consider the development of the treaty’s institutional mechanisms, which will be crucial for ensuring effectiveness.
Fishing in the Twilight Zone: Illuminating governance challenges at the next fisheries frontier

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Kristina Gjerde, Aria Finkelstein, and 1 more author
The Ocean’s "twilight zone": climate risks at the next fisheries frontier

blog Lead author

Glen Wright, Kristina Gjerde, Aria Finkelstein, and 1 more author

Abstract:

We have known since the 1970s that the Ocean’s vast mesopelagic, or "twilight", zone could contain huge quantities of fish. Technological advancements now make exploitation possible and interest is growing-not to provide food, but to be processed into aquaculture feed and nutritional supplements. Yet these fish play a key role in the global carbon cycle and marine food webs, so there are considerable risks inherent in developing commercial fisheries. Scientific knowledge is currently insufficient to support effective management and existing governance mechanisms are ill-equipped to regulate a fishery of such global significance. This blog post introduces the mesopelagic zone and explores some potential avenues for strengthening the international governance framework.
Strengthening Monitoring Control and Surveillance through a High Seas Treaty

webinar Organiser Speaker
Speakers:

Tony Long, CEO, Global Fishing Watch

Klaudija Cremers, Senior Research Fellow, IDDRI

Sophie Mirgaux, Belgian Special Envoy for the Ocean
Abstract:

The high seas treaty is expected to provide for the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) beyond national jurisdiction, but there are significant challenges for ensuring that such areas are truly protected through effective monitoring, control and surveillance. This webinar will explore how the ongoing negotiations can strengthen Monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) and highlights how MCS can contribute to the implementation of the new instrument. In particular, speakers will illustrate how new technologies and data sharing can improve MCS and strengthen States capacity, share concrete proposals for the future international instrument, and provide insight into the current options being considered for MPA designation and implementation.

Video:

https://www.iddri.org/en/publications-and-events/conference/replay-strengthening-monitoring-control-and-surveillance-through
Fishing in the Twilight Zone: illuminating governance challenges at the next fisheries frontier

webinar Facilitator Organiser
Speakers:

Heidi Sosik, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute

Callum Roberts, University of Exeter

Rachel Tiller, SINTEF Ocean, Norway (SUMMER Project - Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources)

Kristina Gjerde, IUCN
Abstract:

The mesopelagic, or "twilight zone" - the waters of the open ocean at a depth of approximately 150-1, 000 metres - hosts significant fish stocks. These fish are unpalatable but proposals are emerging to process them into fishmeal and nutritional supplements. As this vast midwater realm plays a role in the carbon cycle and food webs, the development of new fisheries could have global ramifications. Yet our scientific understanding is limited and the existing governance framework may not be ready to effectively manage mesopelagic fisheries. This webinar introduces the science and ecology of the mesopelagic zone and explores the potential governance challenges for the sustainable development of new fisheries.

Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtCScw3Tvxw
A preliminary analysis of the draft high seas biodiversity treaty

report Co-Author

Klaudija Cremers, Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, and 2 more authors

Abstract:

In 2017, following more than a decade of informal discussions, States at the United Nations decided to convene an intergovernmental conference (IGC) to negotiate an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) for the conservation and sustainable use of the biological diversity of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). The negotiations for an ILBI are based on a package of issues agreed in 2011, namely: marine genetic resources (MGRs), including questions on the sharing of benefits; measures such as area-based management tools (ABMTs), including marine protected areas (MPAs); environmental impact assessments (EIA); and capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 72/249 provides for four meetings of the IGC. The final session is scheduled to take place from 23 March to 3 April 2020, at the United Nations (UN) Headquarters in New York. This round of negotiations will be based on the revised draft text (released 27 November 2019). This paper provides an initial analysis of the draft text, highlighting key areas of progress and contention, as well as identifying some possible options for strengthening the text.
2020: a “Super Year” for the ocean?

blog Co-Author

Julien Rochette, Klaudija Cremers, Romain Schumm, and 1 more author

Abstract:

After the “Blue COP”, whose real political impacts will need to be assessed beyond the strong mobilisation of civil society, 2020 is presented as a “super year” for the ocean, marked with several important events and political deadlines on the horizon. But what can we really expect? And what would a successful 2020 look like for ocean conservation?
Marine Plastic Pollution: State of Play & Perspectives

webinar Speaker Facilitator

What solutions to fight plastic pollution in the ocean?
Speakers:

Brune Poirson, Secretary of State to the French Minister of the Ecological and Solidarity Transition

Gaetano Leone, Coordinator of the Mediterranean Action Plan

Leila Meistertzheim, President of Plastic@@Sea, Banyuls Oceanological Observatory, Fondation Tara Océan

Moderated by Sébastien Treyer, Executive Director, IDDRI
Abstract:

Plastic pollution of the ocean is now reaching an alarming level, threatening species and ecosystems, affecting the well-being of populations and costing billions of euros every year, in particular through its impact on sectors such as tourism and fishing. In recent years, initiatives have been multiplying to reduce the use of plastics, prevent their release into the marine environment, promote a circular economy and encourage innovation and research to find alternatives to their use. The international community is even currently considering the relevance of drawing up a legally binding international agreement to combat plastic pollution of the ocean. Faced with this proliferation of initiatives, carried out at different scales and by different actors, it seems necessary to question the coherence that needs to be brought to the fight against plastic pollution. How can we effectively combine political actions and private initiatives? How to ensure synergy between measures developed at local, national and even international levels? What gaps need to be filled to enable genuine protection of the marine environment? These issues are discussed during this webinar which brings together :

Video:

https://youtu.be/04yAhVDb4hY
Combatting marine plastic litter: state of play and perspectives

report Co-Author

Julien Rochette, Romain Schumm, Glen Wright, and 1 more author
Strengthening Monitoring, Control and Surveillance in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

report Co-Author

Klaudija Cremers, Glen Wright, and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

Monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) is critical for the success of marine conservation and management, but effective MCS remains challenging. This is especially true for the deep and distant waters of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), which are characterised by a fragmented governance framework and reliance on flag States to ensure control over vessels. This report explores how the BBNJ negotiations can strengthen MCS in ABNJ and highlights how MCS can contribute to the implementation of the new instrument. The report provides an overview of existing legal frameworks, technological tools and MCS initiatives, and highlights some of the challenges to effective MCS. The report provides some suggested pathways for strengthening MCS in ABNJ, as well as three concrete proposals for provisions that could be included in the future international instrument.
The History of Ocean Power

report section Author

REN21, Renewables 2020 Global Status Report
Ocean Power

report section Author

REN21, Renewables 2020 Global Status Report
La cooperation mondiale, nouveau defi dans la lutte contre la pollution...

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Key Quotes:

"Négocier un traité international juridiquement contraignant permettrait de soutenir les initiatives nationales", a déclaré Glen Wright, membre de l’UICN, lors d’un webinaire organisé le 8 juin par l’Iddri à l’occasion de la publication de son étude sur les perspectives de lutte contre la pollution plastique marine.

Si les initiatives pour lutter contre la pollution plastique dans l’océan foisonnent, elles sont souvent "fragmentées" et "coopèrent peu entre elles", souligne Glen Wright, membre de la Commission mondiale du droit de l’environnement de l’UICN, lors d’un webinaire de l’Iddri organisé le 8 juin sur le thème "Quelles solutions pour lutter contre la pollution plastique dans l’océan ?". D’où la nécessité de mettre en place "un système de gouvernance plus efficace", dans laquelle tous les acteurs auraient "leur rôle à jouer".

La négociation d’un traité international "juridiquement contraignant" permettrait de "soutenir les initiatives nationales", et de "mettre en lumière l’enjeu des plastiques flottants dans l’océan", estime pour sa part Glen Wright.
French
Towards a Package: Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction

workshop Participant
Les enjeux de coordination entre le futur traite haute mer et les organisations existantes

workshop Speaker

16eme reunion du Groupe informel haute mer

Julien Rochette, Klaudija Cremers, and Glen Wright

French
The Mesopelagic Zone

webinar Speaker

The High Seas Treaty: Integrating Climate Change into Environmental Impact Assessments
Ocean Action

conference Attendee
Area-based Management Tools (Including Marine Protected Areas)

training Speaker

Continuing Professional Development Courses in Ocean Governance: New Developments and Emerging Issues in Ocean Governance
Workshop on Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs)

workshop Participant
Protecting sites of potential Outstanding Universal Value in marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: The practical modalities

report Author

2019

High Hopes for the High Seas: beyond the package deal towards an ambitious treaty

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Klaudija Cremers, Julien Rochette, and 6 more authors

Abstract:

Cognisant of the growing threats to biodiversity in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), States at the United Nations are negotiating a treaty to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of this vast global commons. These negotiations provide a unique and timely opportunity to strengthen the management regime for the global ocean, building on the vision of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The treaty will cover a ‘package deal’ of issues: marine genetic resources (MGRs); area-based manage- ment tools (ABMTs), including marine protected areas (MPAs); environmental impact assessments (EIAs); and capacity building and technology transfer. In order to be effective, ambitious provisions are needed on each of these elements, including by addressing climate change and ensuring the protection of marine ecosystems. A fair and equitable treaty could further support conservation and sustainable use by strengthening existing management frameworks and providing global oversight, developing capacity, and placing science at the heart of decision making.
Keeping an Eye on the High Seas Strengthening Monitoring, Control and Surveillance through a New Marine Biodiversity Treaty

report Co-Author

Klaudija Cremers, Glen Wright, and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

Effective monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) is critical for the success of marine conservation and management measures. Whereas States have the exclusive right to manage the marine resources within their national jurisdiction, areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) are subject to a complex patchwork of international rules and regulations. Effective MCS of these deep and distant waters is a significant technical challenge and there is growing interest in how MCS tools and policies can be applied to this vast global commons. States at the United Nations (UN) are currently negotiating an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) for the conservation and sustainable use of the biological diversity of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (referred to here as the “high seas treaty”). This brief explores how the negotiations could strengthen MCS in ABNJ and the contribution MCS could make to the implementation of a future treaty.
High-seas fish biodiversity is slipping through the governance net

journal article Co-Author

Nature Ecology & Evolution

Guillermo Ortuno Crespo, Daniel C. Dunn, Matthew Gianni, and 3 more authors

Abstract:

States at the United Nations have begun negotiating a new treaty to strengthen the legal regime for marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Failure to ensure the full scope of fish biodiversity is covered could result in thousands of species continuing to slip through the cracks of a fragmented global ocean governance framework.
La haute mer a l’epreuve de la diplomatie

newspaper Interview Quoted

l’Humanite
Abstract:

Elle n’appartient a personne et echappe a toute reglementation. Face aux pressions humaines et climatiques, l’Onu tente de negocier un traite sur le statut juridique de cette vaste etendue d’eau pour en reguler l’exploitation.
Key Quotes:

« La haute mer, c’est la colonne d’eau située au-delà des juridictions nationales, les fameuses zones économiques exclusives (ZEE). Elle n’appartient à personne et n’est régie par quasiment aucune règle », résume Glen Wright, chercheur à l’Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales (Iddri).

(More… paywall…)
French
Towards Ecosystem-based Management of the Global Ocean: Strengthening Regional Cooperation through a New Agreement for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

report Co-Author

Kristina Gjerde, Glen Wright, Ben Boteler, and 1 more author
Achieving a Healthy Ocean - Regional Ocean Governance Beyond 2020 (Marine Regions Forum 2019 Conference Report)

report Co-Author
Regional Ocean Governance of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Lessons Learnt and Ways Forward

report Lead author

Glen Wright and Julien Rochette
Marine Regions Forum 2019 Key Messages: Achieving a Healthy Ocean - Regional Ocean Governance Beyond 2020

report Co-Author

Institute Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Institute Sustainable Development, International Relations (IDDRI), and 1 more author
High-level expert meeting: Towards an Effective High Seas Treaty: Building on and Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance

workshop Organiser Facilitator Speaker
Strengthening Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) through an international instrument on high seas biodiversity

workshop Organiser Facilitator Speaker

Glen Wright and Klaudija Cremers

Abstract:

The workshop covered four different themes: improving transparency at sea, lessons learnt from national experiences, lessons learnt from regional experiences and future policy options. During the workshop, all sixteen participants engaged in active discussions on possible approaches to strengthen MCS through a new international instrument on high seas biodiversity, currently under negotiation at the United Nations. This workshop provided an opportunity to take stock of existing legal and policy frameworks, highlight ongoing initiatives and technological developments, and develop options for the future treaty.
Towards an Effective High Seas Treaty - Building on and Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance

side event Organiser Facilitator Speaker
Interview with Ocean University Initiative

workshop Interview
Les negociations sur la biodiversite en haute mer reprennent a New...

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Abstract:

La troisieme session de negociations d’un traite sur la preservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversite en haute mer s’ouvre ce lundi 19 aout...
Key Quotes:

En avril dernier, Glen Wright chercheur gouvernance internationale de l’océan à l’Iddri, espérait que les deux sessions de négociation restantes permettent d’inscrire dans le traité certains sujets actuellement manquants.

Autre disposition absente des discussions à ce stade : le suivi des aires marines protégées une fois réalisées. "Qui va les surveiller, comment et avec quels financements ?", interrogeait alors Glen Wright.
Haute mer : une version "zero" du traite attendue d’ici a la fin juillet...

newspaper Interview Quoted

AEF Info
Abstract:

La deuxieme session de negociations sur la preservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversite en haute mer s’est conclue le 5 avril dernier. L’occasion...
Key Quotes:

Concernant les aires marines protégées, les divisions restent sensibles. La Russie n’est par exemple "pas convaincue de la nécessité d’un nouvel accord sur le sujet", tout comme l’Islande, la Corée du Sud et dans une moindre mesure la Chine, explique Glen Wright

Le but de cette deuxième session n’était pas de négocier ce texte", explique à AEF info Glen Wright, chercheur gouvernance internationale de l’océan à l’Iddri, "mais de confirmer les différentes options listées”.Le processus, "long", s’est déroulé dans "une atmosphère positive". Bien que selon le chercheur, la session ait été marquée par peu d’échanges entre les délégations et la répétition de positions connues.

Mais c’est sur la question de l’accès aux ressources génétiques marines et du partage des bénéfices que le niveau de tension reste le plus élevé. Là encore, des pays tels que les États-Unis ou le Japon, qui disposent actuellement des ressources financières pour engager des recherches scientifiques et explorer la haute mer, voient ces négociations d’un mauvais œil et maintiennent une position "fermée", analyse Glen Wright

Les études d’évaluations environnementales de leur côté ne devraient pas créer de problème, puisque "tous les pays ont déjà des réglementations nationales" sur le sujet, explique Glen Wright. Le sujet, "technique", n’est donc "pas nouveau".

Autre disposition absente des discussions à ce stade : le suivi des aires marines protégées une fois réalisées. "Qui va les surveiller, comment et avec quels financements ?", interroge Glen Wright.
Strengthening Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) through an international instrument on high seas biodiversity

workshop Organiser Facilitator Speaker

Spanish
Traite sur la haute mer: comment proteger les ecosystemes marins ?

radio Interview

Audio:

French
Regional Governance of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

workshop Speaker

Biological Diversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Pacific Workshop, Pacific Islands Forum
Regional Ocean Governance of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Lessons Learnt and Ways Forward

side event Organiser Speaker
Overview of regional initiatives for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

side event Organiser Facilitator Speaker

Towards an Effective High Seas Treaty - Building on and Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance
Connectivity in a Future High Seas Treaty

side event Speaker

IIED side event
Towards an Effective High Seas Treaty - Building on and Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance

workshop Organiser Facilitator Speaker
Strategic workshop: towards an inclusive blue economy

workshop Participant
The high seas: how can we govern half of the planet for the benefit of all the world’s people?

workshop Participant
Science for Solutions: Bringing Stakeholders Together to Improve Ocean Planning and Governance in ABNJ of the South-East Pacific

workshop Speaker
Environmental Impact Assessment in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

conference Speaker

Pew Charitable Trusts workshop "Protecting at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 and Conservation & sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction"
One Ocean Symposium

conference Attendee
Building Capacities for Regional Ocean Governance: Marine Genetic Resources and Area-based Management Tools

training Facilitator
Second session of the Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate
Third session of the Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate
Marine Regions Forum

conference Organiser

2018

Laying the Foundations for Management of a Seamount Beyond National Jurisdiction: A case study of the Walters Shoal in the South West Indian Ocean

report Co-Author

Sabrina Guduff, Julien Rochette, Francois Simard, and 2 more authors
Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance for the High Seas: Opportunities and Challenges to Improve the Legal and Institutional Framework of the Southeast Atlantic and Southeast Pacific

report Co-Author

Carole Durussel, Glen Wright, Nicole Wienrich, and 3 more authors

Abstract:

The Southeast Atlantic and Southeast Pacific regions are both characterised by their high biological productivity, supported by important oceanic currents. Recognising the need to ensure conservation and sustainable use of this biodiversity, coastal States in these regions cooperate through regional organisations to improve ocean governance, including in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). This report uses the issues under discussion in the ongoing negotiations for a new legally binding instrument and selected Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets as a lens through which to assess progress towards conservation and sustainable use.
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Envisioning its Application to Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)

report Co-Author

Robin Warner, Glen Wright, Phillip Turner, and 3 more authors
Protect the neglected half of our blue planet

oped Lead author

Nature

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, Kristina M. Gjerde, and 1 more author

Abstract:

At the close of 2017, 14 million UK viewers tuned into the acclaimed second series of David Attenborough’s Blue Planet, making it the year’s most-watched television show. It brought the wonders of the ocean into people’s living rooms and captured the public imagination as never before. Now is the time to capitalize on this enthusiasm, and to advocate for strong, legally binding protections for the high seas - the almost two-thirds of our planet’s ocean that are beyond the control of any one State.
The Long and Winding Road: negotiating a treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, Kristina Gjerde, and 1 more author

Abstract:

Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) cover nearly half of the Earth’s surface and host a significant portion of its biodiversity. The international community, increasingly aware of the growing threats to ecosystems in ABNJ, has been informally discussing options to conserve and sustainably use its biodiversity for more than a decade. On 24 December 2017, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) decided to convene an intergovernmental conference (IGC) to elaborate an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) for the conservation and sustainable use of the biological diversity of ABNJ. As States continue to navigate the complex issues at stake and start to negotiate the provisions of a new agreement, it is imperative that all stakeholders have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the history of the process, elements under discussion, State positions to date, and the challenges that lie ahead. The Long and Winding Road provides a guide to the discussions for both experienced participants and newcomers to the process.
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Options for Underpinning a Strong Global BBNJ Agreement through Regional and Sectoral Governance

report Co-Author

Abstract:

Gjerde, K., Boteler, B., Durussel, C., Rochette, J., Unger, S., Wright, G., ‘Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Options for Underpinning a Strong Global BBNJ Agreement through Regional and Sectoral Governance’, STRONG High Seas Project, 2018.
Vers une protection de la haute mer

oped Co-Author

Alternatives Economiques

Julien Rochette, Isabel Seeger, and Glen Wright

Abstract:

Un traite international devrait mieux proteger la haute mer, de plus en plus touchee par l’activite humaine. Mais le processus reste encore long.

French
Engaging audiences with a fun and friendly newsletter: The Little Blue Letter Story

conference Speaker

CommOCEAN
Technological tools for Monitoring, Control and Surveillance in Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

workshop Organiser Speaker Facilitator
Speakers:

Charles Kilgour, Ocean Mind

Peter Horn, Pew Charitable Trusts

Peter Thompson, Argos Froyanes

Stephanie Winnard, RSPB

Adriana Fabra, Tuna Compliance Network

Kim Stobberup, FAO

João Neves, NEAFC
Abstract:

Monitoring Control and Surveillance (MCS) will be crucial to ensuring compliance with management measures developed under a future international agreement on Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). Tools for MCS have been drastically extended by a range of new technologies and techniques using previously unavailable or inaccessible data sources, while there is no clear and singular MCS solution. A key challenge facing MCS is an excess, not a lack, of data available through the different technologies which is further compounded by potential skills shortages for data interpretation. There may be resistance to MCS tools by e.g. the fisheries sector concerned about control over the industry, while some fishers may also view MCS as way to prove that their fish was sustainably caught and provide them with a market advantage. The key challenge currently facing MCS tools is a lack of appropriate policy approaches and governance mechanisms for the design and implementation of the available technologies. Any future successful options will need to be co-created with stakeholder to ensure appropriate design and early buy-in amongst different sectors.
Capacity Building Workshop: UN Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Negotiations

training Organiser Speaker
Marine Spatial Planning in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Opportunities and challenges

side event Speaker

Building MSP frameworks to enable Blue Growth
High-Level Expert Meeting: Building a Strong High Seas Treaty: What is the Role for Regional Ocean Governance?

workshop Organiser Facilitator Speaker
Opportunities for Strengthening Ocean Governance in the Southeast Pacific

workshop Speaker Facilitator
Academia Obscura: The Hidden Silly Side of Higher Education

book Author
Regional & Global Governance of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

training Speaker

AOSIS Capacity Building Workshop for SIDS in BBNJ Negotiations
Area-based management tools

training Speaker

AOSIS Capacity Building Workshop for SIDS in BBNJ Negotiations
Marine Planning on the High Seas

conference Speaker

High Seas International Conference
Role of technology and Monitoring, Control and Surveillance in Marine Conservation and Management

side event Speaker

Glen Wright and Isabel Seeger
Pollution des oceans: le probleme est-il sous-estime ?

radio Interview

Audio:

French
Underpinning a High Seas Treaty through Strong Regional and Sectoral Governance

workshop Speaker Organiser Facilitator

Building a Strong High Seas Treaty - What is the Role for Regional Ocean Governance?
Building a Strong High Seas Treaty - What is the Role for Regional Ocean Governance?

workshop Speaker Organiser Facilitator
BBNJ Training for UN Negotiations

training Speaker Organiser
BBNJ Negotiations: State of play

training Speaker Organiser

BBNJ Training for UN Negotiations
Environmental Impact Assessment in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

workshop Speaker Organiser

Workshop on high seas governance and fisheries management
Second Meeting of the Sustainable Ocean Initiative Global Dialogue with Regional Seras Organizations and Regional Fisheries Bodies on Accelerating Progress Towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Sustainable Development Goals

workshop Participant
Exploring the World Heritage Convention for High Seas Conservation

workshop Participant
High seas governance and fisheries management

workshop Organiser Facilitator Speaker
International network for Social Studies of Marine Energy (ISSMER) SHAPE workshop (Social Sciences and Humanities for Advancing Policy in European Energy)

workshop Participant
Gobernanza regional en las zonas fuera de la jurisdiccion nacional: Que aprendimos y como avanzar

workshop Speaker

STRONG High Seas- Dialogue Workshop II

Spanish
Fisheries in a new high seas treaty: Opportunities and challenges

workshop Speaker

Workshop on Future High Seas Governance, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Making reform happen for sustainable fisheries

conference Attendee
First session of the Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate

2017

Risky Business: Enterprise Liability, Corporate Groups and Torts

journal article Author

Journal of European Tort Law
Regional Management of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction in the Western Indian Ocean: State of Play and Possible Ways Forward

journal article Co-Author

The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law

Glen Wright and Julien Rochette
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal for the Oceans

report Co-Author

Sebastian Unger, Alexander Muller, Julien Rochette, and 3 more authors

Abstract:

The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its comprehensive set of 17 interlinking Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a unique opportunity to advance ocean sustainability. The development of a robust implementation framework for the Sustainable Development Goal for the Oceans (SDG 14) is a critical step towards this overarching objective. 2017 could become a landmark year for efforts to put the world’s oceans on a pathway towards sustainability. Complemented by numerous regional and national initiatives, the UN Ocean Conference in June and the EU-hosted Our Ocean Conference in October are important opportunities for the international community to establish a firm foundation for future action and to agree on tangible measures to reverse the cycle of declining ocean health. While there is no lack in global ambition, the global community should now agree on concrete steps to develop coherent regional and international implementation frameworks for achieving oceans sustainability. To advance these efforts, this policy brief offers three key recommendations:
Consenting ocean energy projects: Issues, challenges and opportunities

book chapter Co-Author

Ocean Energy: Governance Challenges for Wave and Tidal Stream Technologies

Anne-Marie O’Hagan and Glen Wright
Marine planning: an ocean energy perspective

book chapter Co-Author

Ocean Energy: Governance Challenges for Wave and Tidal Stream Technologies

Kate Johnson and Glen Wright
Partnering for a Sustainable Ocean: The Role of Regional Ocean Governance in Implementing SDG14

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Stefanie Schmidt, Julien Rochette, and 5 more authors

Abstract:

This report highlights the relevance of regional ocean governance (ROG) for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, the achievement of SDG14, and the transition to ecosystem-based management more generally. The report assesses the roles and mandates of different regional approaches and frameworks, and showcases some pragmatic and practical examples of ROG efforts that may provide useful lessons for the implementation of SDG14. The report also highlights some of the key contributions that regional approaches can make to some of the overarching challenges of the 2030 Agenda, including capacity development, institutional transformation, and sustainable financing.
Environmental Impact Assessment in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Options for a New International Agreement

book chapter Author

The Law of the Sea and Emerging Issues
Coming soon: towards formal negotiations for a agreement on high seas governance

blog Lead author

Glen Wright and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

Late in the evening of Friday, 21 July, States meeting at the UN headquarters in New York quietly took a significant step in a longrunning process aiming to close gaps in the international rules covering marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ, commonly referred to as the “high seas” or “international waters”). At the conclusion of the fourth and final meeting of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) tasked with making recommendations for a possible new international legally binding instrument (ILBI), States recommended that the UN General Assembly (UNGA) take a decision, as soon as possible, on the convening of an intergovernmental conference (IGC) to elaborate the text of a new agreement.
High seas governance: Understanding the upcoming negotiations in 10 points

blog Co-Author

Julien Rochette and Glen Wright

Abstract:

The United Nations General Assembly just launched a new initiative to address the increasing number of threats to marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Negotiations will commence in 2018 to draw up an international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in these areas, which cover nearly half of the Earth’s surface.
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction in the Western Indian Ocean: Options for Governance & Management

workshop Speaker

Nairobi Convention Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) Workshop
Protecting our Blue Planet too: the year in ocean conservation

blog Author

Abstract:

Protecting our Blue Planet too: the year in ocean conservation - watched in awe as Sir David Attenborough and the Blue Planet II team showed us spellbinding images of an underwater world.
Partnering for a Sustainable Ocean: The Role of Regional Ocean Governance in Implementing SDG14

conference Speaker
Environmental impact assessment in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: challenges and opportunities for Small-Island Developing States

workshop Speaker

Healthy Oceans, Resilient Islands: SIDS Capacity Development Aspects in the BBNJ Process
Ocean Energy: Governance Challenges for Wave and Tidal Stream Technologies

book Lead author
Potsdam Ocean Governance Workshop: The Ocean in 2030 - How to get to the future we want?

workshop Facilitator
Dixieme reunion du Groupe national informel haute mer

workshop Organiser Participant
Environmental Impact Assessment in areas beyond national jurisdiction

workshop Speaker

Workshop on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction through a new legally binding instrument under UNCLOS
Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdictions: Area-based Management Tools, including Marine Protected Areas

workshop Participant
Our Ocean

conference Attendee
Regional launch of Western Indian Ocean Economy Report and presentation of Madagascar’s vision on Ocean Governance

conference Speaker
Oceans in the 2030 Agenda: The role of Regional Governance

conference Organiser
United Nations Ocean Conference

conference Delegate
2nd International Conference on Marine/Maritime Spatial Planning

conference Attendee
Third Session of the Preparatory Committee Established by the UN General Assembly Resolution 69/292 “Development of an International Legally Binding Instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction"

negotiation Delegate
Fourth Session of the Preparatory Committee Established by the UN General Assembly Resolution 69/292 “Development of an International Legally Binding Instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction"

negotiation Delegate

2016

Establishing a legal research agenda for ocean energy

journal article Lead author

Marine Policy

Glen Wright, Anne Marie, O Hagan, and 8 more authors

Abstract:

The literature on ocean energy has, to date, largely focussed on technical, environmental, and, increasingly, social and political aspects. Legal and regulatory factors have received far less attention, despite their importance in supporting this new technology and ensuring its sustainable development. Building on the social sciences research agenda developed by the International network for Social Studies of Marine Energy (ISSMER) and published in Energy Policy, a complementary agenda for legal research linked to ocean energy was set out. Key directions for future research structured around the core themes of marine governance: (i) international law; (ii) environmental impacts; (iii) rights and ownership; (iv) consenting processes; and (v) management of marine space and resources were identified.
Regulating wave and tidal energy: An industry perspective on the Scottish marine governance framework

journal article Author

Marine Policy
High seas fisheries: what role for a new international instrument?

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, Lucie Blom, and 4 more authors

Abstract:

States are currently discussing the development of a new international legally binding instrument (ILBI) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). It is widely acknowledged that fishing is currently the activity with the largest impact on biodiversity in ABNJ. There is a growing consensus that a new agreement should include fisheries, though it is unclear how this can be achieved. Some States continue to argue that fisheries are adequately covered by existing frameworks. Fisheries are closely linked to all elements of the package of issues under discussion, particularly area-based management tools (ABMTs), including marine protected areas (MPAs) and environmental impact assessments (EIAs). Fisheries management bodies will therefore likely play a role in the implementation of various aspects of a new agreement. A new agreement can also complement and enhance existing fisheries management frameworks and contribute to advancing an integrated approach to ocean governance. An ILBI could improve integration and place complementary obligations on States, as well as provide over- arching principles to improve coherence of the global system of ocean governance.
Academics With Cats 2016: the winning photographs

newspaper Author

Times Higher Education
Sustainable development of the oceans: Closing the gaps in the international legal framework

book chapter Lead author

Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development: Horizontal and Sectorial Policy Issues

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, and Thomas Greiber

Abstract:

The world’s oceans are critical providers of ecosystem services and they are under increasing pressure from expanding and intensifying human activities. A range of international instruments and institutions aim to regulate maritime activities, though some legal gaps in the international framework remain. In particular, areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) lack an overarching regulatory framework, with no provisions for marine protected areas, environmental impact assessment, or access and benefit sharing in relation to marine genetic resources. There are also gaps and weakness in the international framework for the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources. In this chapter, we highlight these gaps, outline relevant ongoing processes to fill them, and propose ways forward.
An overview of vulnerable marine ecosystem closures

report Lead author

Glen Wright and Julien Rochette
Protecting Earth’s last conservation frontier: scientific, management and legal priorities for MPAs beyond national boundaries

journal article Co-Author

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Kristina M. Gjerde, Lora L. Nordtvedt Reeve, Harriet Harden-Davies, and 23 more authors

Abstract:

1. Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) comprise most of Earth’s interconnected ocean, hosting complex ecosystems that play key roles in sustaining life and providing important goods and services. 2. Although ABNJ encompass nearly half the planet’s surface, biological diversity found in these areas remains largely unprotected. Mounting pressures generated by the escalation of human activities in ABNJ threaten vital ecosystem services and the fragile web of life that supports them. 3. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely acknowledged as an important tool for the conservation of biological diversity. Currently less than 1% of ABNJ are protected, with the vast majority of MPAs located in waters within national jurisdiction. 4. The existing legal framework for protection and sustainable use of ABNJ lacks common goals, principles or standards, multi-sectoral coordination and comprehensive geographic coverage to ensure conservation or good governance grounded in science-based decision-making, transparency, accountability and effective enforcement.5. This paper highlights the urgency and importance of protecting the last conservation frontier on Earth. Key lessons for conservation inABNJ can be learned fromregional, cross-boundary and national experiences shared during the high seas governance workshop at the IUCNWorld Parks Congress in Sydney, Australia in November 2014. 6. The intent of this paper is to inform the deliberations now underway in the United Nations General Assembly to develop a new legally binding international instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in ABNJ. It also aims to encourage further initiatives to protect and preserve our last conservation frontier using currently available mechanisms and powers consistent with international law.
The long and winding road continues: Towards a new agreement on high seas governance

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, Elisabeth Druel, and 1 more author

Abstract:

In 2015, States agreed to launch negotiations for the elaboration of an international legally binding instrument dedicated to the conservation and sustainable use of the marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). States have expressed a wide range of positions to date: some have focussed on the issue of marine genetic resources (MGRs); others have been primarily concerned with conservation and sustainable use; a few have been sceptical of the need for a new instrument. The negotiations starting at the United Nation as on March 28, 2016, will focus on a "Package Deal" of issues: marine genetic resources (MGRs), including questions on the sharing of benefits; measures for conservation and sustainable use, such as area-based management tools, including marine protected areas; environmental impact assessments; capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. Complex issues and challenges will face negotiators, especially the creation of an access and benefit sharing mechanism for MGRs and a mechanism for the creation of marine protected areas in ABNJ. Additional challenges will arise in the creation of an appropriate institutional structure and the negotiation of an agreement that does not undermine the mandates of existing organisations, especially fisheries management bodies.
Interdiction du chalutage profond : une belle victoire et quelques concessions

newspaper Co-Author

The Conversation

Elisabeth Druel and Glen Wright

Abstract:

Le 30 juin dernier, l’Union europeenne decidait apres des annees d’apres negociations d’interdire la peche en eau profonde au-dela de 800 metres. Retour sur cet accord historique.

French
L’Union europeenne va-t-elle enfin mettre un terme au chalutage profond ?

newspaper Co-Author

The Conversation

Elisabeth Druel and Glen Wright

Abstract:

Desastreuse pour les ecosystemes marins, la peche en eaux profondes fait l’objet de vifs debats a Bruxelles. Une nouvelle reglementation europeenne encadrant cette pratique est attendue a l’ete 2016.

French
Cautious steps towards a new high seas agreement

blog Author

Abstract:

Seeking to fill the gaps in the international legal framework for ocean governance, States gathered at the UN headquarters in New York (26 August-9 September) to discuss elements of an agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Even if the discussions were generally productive, some contentious issues still remain, many of which are fundamental to progress and strength of any future agreement. Delegations have much work to do in the intersessional period, and the future of the negotiations will likely depend on delegations listening carefully and patiently to the views of all other States and stakeholders. The international community is at a critical juncture, with the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) holding the future governance of the global ocean in its hands.
Historic UN talks could save the high seas

journal article Lead author

Australian Environment Review

Glen Wright and Julien Rochette

Abstract:

Since the adoption of the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, human activities in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ)1 have developed exponentially. Existing activities such as shipping and fishing have intensified and expanded, while a range of new activities are under development.2 Climate change and ocean acidification are predicted to compound the impacts of these activities and place further pressure on marine ecosystems.3 In 2004, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) created the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (the Working Group).4 The focus of the Working Group was mainly been on weaknesses and gaps in the current international framework and whether these necessitate the adoption of a new instrument. In January 2015, the Working Group recommended to the UNGA that it “decide to develop an international legallybinding instrument under the Convention on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction”.5 A Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) will meet at UN Headquarters for a total of 4 weeks in 2016 and 2017 in order to prepare substantive recommendations on elements of a draft text.6 The PrepCom is to report to the UNGA, which will then decide by September 2018 on the convening and starting date of an intergovernmental conference.
Vers un accord sur la haute mer : des mesures positives a New York

blog Author

Abstract:

Alors que nous sommes a un moment decisif pour l’avenir de l’ocean, plus de 80 Etats se sont reunis au siege de l’ONU a New York (30 Mars - 8 Avril) pour lancer les negociations d’un nouvel accord sur la conservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversite marine dans des zones au-dela de la juridiction nationale (ZAJN). Les ZAJN, qui incluent la colonne d’eau et les fonds marins situes au-dela de 200 miles nautiques[1], couvrent pres de la moitie de la surface de la planete et assurent un ensemble de services ecosystemiques essentiels. Pourtant, la reglementation relative a cette vaste etendue oceanique est, au mieux, fragmentaire. Il etait autrefois considere que l’exploitation ou la protection des ZAJN ne presentaient pas d’interet, mais les progres scientifiques et technologiques realises ouvrent desormais un champ de possibilites et representent de nouvelles menaces pour les ecosystemes marins.

French
Tout comprendre des prochaines negociations sur la gouvernance de la haute mer

report Co-Author

Julien Rochette and Glen Wright

French
Sea change: Negotiating a new agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

report Lead author

Glen Wright and Julien Rochette
Un rendez-vous historique pour proteger la haute mer des convoitises

blog Co-Author

The Conversation

Julien Rochette and Glen Wright

French
Environmental Impact Assessment: Developing options for ABNJ

workshop Speaker

Informal Meeting to Consider the Substantive Aspects of a New International Instrument for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction
Environmental Impact Assessment to Support Marine Innovation: The ‘Rochdale Envelope’ and ‘Deploy & Monitor’ in the UK’s Ocean Energy Industry

book chapter Author

EU Environmental and Planning Law Aspects of Large-Scale Projects

Abstract:

A new industrial revolution is taking place in the oceans, as humankind increasing looks offshore to meet its needs for energy, resources and food. This growing demand for marine space and resources is placing further pressure on an ocean whose health is already declining. This evolving situation is encapsulated by the emerging ‘Blue Economy’ discourse, which advocates sustainable development of the oceans to meet economic and social needs. The European Union (EU), in its Blue Growth Agenda, highlights the potential to ‘harness the untapped potential of Europe’s oceans, seas and coasts for jobs and growth ... whilst safeguarding biodiversity and protecting the marine environment’. Developing a blue economy is a major challenge that necessitates the evolution of existing regulatory frameworks. Marine renewable energy (MRE) resources, such as offshore wind, wave, and tidal, have been identified by the EU as one of the five key ‘value chains’ that can contribute to a blue economy. Offshore wind is growing rapidly, with projects moving into deeper waters, and new technologies being developed. In the United Kingdom (UK) offshore wind currently meets around 3% of total electricity demand, but this figure is likely to rise substantially in pursuit of the UK’s legally binding target to source 20% of its total energy consumption from renewables by 2020.Ocean energy technologies, which utilise waves and tides to generate electricity, are now attracting considerable interest and investment, and bringing their own unique challenges to existing marine governance and project approval frameworks.
The Partnership on Science to Policy Forum

workshop Attendee

Abstract:

The meeting on the Partnership on Science to Policy Forum was organized by the Secretariat of the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Western Indian Ocean region in collaboration with the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) and the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) in Mahe, Seychelles on the 11-12 October 2016. It was attended by about 60 participants including the Minister of Environment, Energy & Climate Change of Seychelles, Hon. Didier Dogley, Secretary of State in charge of the Ocean, Government of Madagascar, Hon. Dr. Ylenia Randrianarisoa, Directors of Environment and Fisheries, representatives of research institutions and universities, senior experts, regional partners and non-governmental organizations from Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, South Africa and Tanzania.
Environmental Impact Assessment and Overarching Provisions

side event Speaker Organiser

High seas fisheries in a new international legally binding instrument
Environmental Impact Assessment in areas beyond national jurisdiction

conference Speaker
1ere reunion du groupe de reflexion et de travail sur la gouvernance de la haute mer

workshop Attendee

French
Quel statut pour la haute mer ?

conference Speaker

Un seul ocean : enjeux et solutions

French
The Role of Science in Implementing the 2030 Agenda

conference Speaker

Yvonne Waweru and Glen Wright
Negotiations for a new agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ

workshop Speaker
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Preparing for the PrepCom

workshop Participant
Time to act for oceans in the 2030 Agenda: collaborative partnerships for SDG14

side event Organiser

IUCN World Conservation Congress
Talks aim to tame marine Wild West: Nations debate how to protect biodiversity in the high seas

newspaper Interview

Nature
Training Programme on the Sustainable Development and Governance of the Caspian Sea

training Speaker
UN High Seas treaty negotiations

radio Interview

Audio:
Atelier LittOcean: Pour des espaces maritimes equitables : les energies marines renouvelables, illusion ou realite

workshop Participant
Second Session of the Preparatory Committee Established by the UN General Assembly Resolution 69/292 “Development of an International Legally Binding Instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction"

negotiation Delegate
First Session of the Preparatory Committee Established by the UN General Assembly Resolution 69/292 “Development of an International Legally Binding Instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction”

negotiation Delegate
CommOcean: 2nd International Marine Science Communication Conference

conference Attendee

2015

A new chapter for the high seas? Historic decision to negotiate an international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

report Co-Author

Julien Rochette, Glen Wright, Kristina Gjerde, and 3 more authors

Abstract:

Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) represent around half of the Planet’s surface and a significant amount of its biodiversity. In recent years, the international community has become increasingly aware of the growing and expanding threats to marine biodiversity in ABNJ. To address this issue, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) created an Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group (“BBNJ Working Group”) to discuss the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. Since the commencement of discussions in 2006, the focus has mainly been on weaknesses and gaps in the current international framework and whether these necessitate the adoption of a new instrument. In particular, States have discussed the possible adoption of an Implementing Agreement to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ (UNCLOS IA). At the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (“Rio+20”), States committed to address on an urgent basis the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ and agreed to decide by the end of the 69th session of the UNGA (September 2015) whether or not to launch negotiations for the conclusion of a new international instrument. This decision-making process spanned three meetings of the BBNJ Working Group, specifically convened to discuss “the scope, parameters and feasibility of an international instrument under UNCLOS”. At the third meeting, held on 20-23 January 2015, States took the historic step of agreeing to open negotiations for a new international legally binding instrument under UNCLOS. This paper presents the discussions leading up to the decisive third mee
Advancing governance of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction

report section Co-Author

Brief for GSDR

Julien Rochette, Glen Wright, Lucien Chabason, and 3 more authors
Strengthening the international regulation of offshore oil and gas activities

report section Co-Author

Global Sustainable Development Report

Julien Rochette and Glen Wright
Marine governance in an industrialised ocean: A case study of the emerging marine renewable energy industry

journal article Author

Marine Policy

Abstract:

The world’s oceans are currently undergoing an unprecedented period of industrialisation, made possible by advances in technology and driven by our growing need for food, energy and resources. This is placing the oceans are under intense pressure, and the ability of existing marine governance frameworks to sustainably manage the marine environment is increasingly being called into question. Emerging industries are challenging all aspects of these frameworks, raising questions regarding ownership and rights of the sea and its resources, management of environmental impacts, and management of ocean space. This paper uses the emerging marine renewable energy (MRE) industry, particularly in the United Kingdom (UK), as a case study to introduce and explore some of the key challenges. The paper concludes that the challenges are likely to be extensive and argues for development of a comprehensive legal research agenda to advance both MRE technologies and marine governance frameworks.
This Study is Intentionally Left Blank

journal article Lead author

Annals of Improbable Research

Glen Wright, F.X. Coudert, Martin Bentley, and 2 more authors
Marine protected areas in areas beyond national jurisdiction

book chapter Lead author

Research Handbook on International Marine Environmental Law

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, and Elisabeth Druel
Advancing marine biodiversity protection through regional fisheries management: A review of bottom fisheries closures in areas beyond national jurisdiction

journal article Lead author

Marine Policy

Glen Wright, Jeff Ardron, Kristina Gjerde, and 2 more authors

Abstract:

Fishing is a significant threat to marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Bottom fishing in particular can impact deep-sea ecosystems, and the UN General Assembly has called on regional fisheries management organisations and arrangements (RFMO/As) to take actions to regulate bottom fisheries, including to close areas to bottom fishing activities where there is likely to be significant adverse impacts to vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). This paper provides an update on the current status of closures, suggesting that RFMO/A biodiversity conservation efforts continue to advance slowly. RFMO/As have been slow to implement additional closures and to act in a precautionary manner based on available scientific evidence. Existing powers are not being fully utilised and best practice is not always followed. Closures have often been temporary or representative, or have not in fact restricted ongoing fishing activity. Some positive outcomes provide examples of good practice, though RFMO/As will need to fully utilise their powers and follow best practice before authorising bottom fishing to proceed in ABNJ.
Developing area-based management tools in areas beyond national jurisdiction: possible options for the Western Indian Ocean

report Co-Author

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, and Glen Wright
Marine Renewable Energy: Community, Consultation and Planning (Summary of the International network for Social Studies of Marine Energy (ISSMER) online seminar series, November 2014 - January 2015)

report Author

Abstract:

The MRE industry is at a crucial moment. Devices are now moving from engineering drawings to full-scale prototypes, and the first commercial scale wave and tide energy farms have been announced and are being planned. Around the world countries are assessing the potential energy resource in their national waters, new developments in national electricity network infrastructures are in the planning stages, and large areas of the sea are being allocated to this new industry. This process of commercialisation is creating new interactions between environment, technology, and society. These take place in coastal communities, socio-economic markets, between other users of the sea, with policy-makers, amongst MRE companies, and between governments. ISSMER aims to support collaboration with these diverse communities, and to coordinate international research activities in the social studies of MRE.
Top five university pranks to watch out for on April Fools’ day

blog Author

The Guardian

Abstract:

Hoisted cars, fake students and remodeled buildings - practical jokes have a long history on university campuses. Here are some of the most notorious
Dreading Valentine’s? Here’s a rigorously academic, research-backed guide to love

blog Author

The Guardian

Abstract:

Love is no simple matter. Fortunately, there’s plenty of academic research to help you find - and satisfy - your soulmate
Regional Ocean Governance Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity

workshop Speaker Participant

CPPS Workshop on Integrated Regional Oceanic Policy

Carole Durussel and Glen Wright
Ocean energy: key legal issues and challenges

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Anne Marie O’Hagan, and Jiska Groot
Researcher Glen Wright to take over Wiley’s Exchanges Blog

blog Interview

Wiley

Abstract:

Hoboken, NJ - May 7, 2015 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is pleased to welcome Glen Wright, a research fellow at the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI) in Paris, as the first guest editor of Wiley’s Exchanges blog. For one week, starting May 11, 2015, he will take over the blog’s reins to explore “The PhD Path Less Travelled.” Mr. Wright, who is also a PhD candidate at the Australian National University and the editor of Academia Obscura, was selected from a pool of entrants in the first Early Career Researcher (ECR) Takeover Week contest held by Wiley Advisors-Wiley’s free membership program designed to connect with and learn from early career researchers. The Advisor program gives new researchers the opportunity to consult on scholarly publishing topics, while Exchanges blog provides the platform to share ideas and information among all those involved in the creation of academic research. As guest editor, Mr. Wright will lead a discussion on the
La Haute Mer: Historique et perspectives

conference Speaker

L’ocean, Bien Commun De L’humanite : Une Utopie Pour Le XXIe Siecle

French
Workshop on Linking Global and Regional Levels in the Management of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

workshop Participant
Regional approaches for ABNJ - state of play

workshop Organiser Speaker

Thomas Greiber and Glen Wright
Accommodating Ocean Energy in Marine Spatial Planning Processes

conference Speaker Participant

Summer School on Marine Spatial Planning and Management
Implementing the Ocean SDG: from knowledge to action

training Speaker
Speakers:

Awni Behnam, Honorary President; Course Director, Training Programme on Regional Ocean Governance, IOI

Diane Spiteri, Acting Head of Representation, European Commission Representation in Malta

Karmenu Vella, EU Commissioner for the Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, European Commission

Andrew Hudson, Head, Water & Ocean Governance Programme; Bureau for Policy & Programme Support, UN Development Programme

Bonapas Onguglo, Head of Branch a.i., Trade, Environment, Climate Change and Sustainable Development Branch; Division on International Trade in Goods and Services and Commodities, UNCTAD

Martin Visbeck, Deputy Director, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR)
Bottom Fisheries Closures in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

webinar Speaker

Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) webinar series: Deep-Sea Promises and Challenges
The Northwest Passage: Legal status and issues

training Speaker
An International Instrument on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Matrix of Suggestions

report Co-Author
Dealing with the risk of licensing marine renewables: The role and experience of regulators

workshop Participant

RiCORE Project (Risk-based Consenting for Offshore Renewables) Workshop 2

Abstract:

The RiCORE project aims at designing ways to accelerate and streamline the environmental requirements associated with consents for novel marine renewable technologies, including offshore wind, wave and tidal projects. Organisations from Scotland, Spain, Ireland, Portugal and France are participating in this project, which has been awarded funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. In the course of the project, several workshops covering all aspects of consenting of Marine Renewable Energy projects will be organized to collect the views and opinions of national experts. The objectives of this workshop are to: Determine current national consenting practices, operational experiences and difficulties Compare and contrast approaches to implementation of over-arching EU legislation - e.g. EIA, Habitats etc. Introduce risk-based management approaches using the Survey, Deploy & Monitor (SDM) methodology as an example Discuss the potential legal and regulatory issues potentially associated with implementation of a risk-based management approach Identify what is required to enable a risk-based management approach The outcomes of the workshop will be used by the RiCORE project team to report on the feasibility of adopting a risk-based management approach, using the Survey Deploy and Monitor (SDM) policy developed in Scotland as an example.
What role for the Nairobi Convention in the high seas?

side event Organiser Speaker

8th Conference of Parties to the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Western Indian Ocean Region

Julien Rochette, Glen Wright, and Aurelie Spadone
Scoping Workshop: Supporting the development of regional initiatives for ABNJ in the Abidjan Convention Region

workshop Organiser

Abstract:

1. The Convention for Cooperation in the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Atlantic Coast of the West, Central and Southern Africa Region (Abidjan Convention) decided at the eleventh meeting of its Conference of the Parties (COP) (Cape Town, South Africa, 17-21 March 2014) “to set up a working group to studyallaspectsoftheconservationandsustainableuseofmarinebiologicaldiversitybeyond areasofnationaljurisdictionwithintheframeworkoftheAbidjanConvention[...]” (Decision CP. 11.10 on the Conservation and Sustainable use of the Marine Biodiversity of the Areas Located beyond National Jurisdictions). In January 2015 the UN Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction recommended to the General Assembly negotiations for a new international legally-binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). In view of these developments, the Secretariat of the Abidjan Convention has invited the Partnership for Regional Ocean Governance (PROG) to provide support in launching and operationalizing the Working Group, including by organizing a first scoping workshop. This workshop will gather 15-20 experts from the Abidjan Convention Contracting Parties, international and regional organisations, NGOs and research centres. The aim of this workshop will be: i. to preliminarily update participants on the negotiation process towards the elaboration of an international instrument dedicated to ABNJ; ii. to inform participants on existing regional initiatives in ABNJ (in the North-East Atlantic, Mediterranean, the Southern Ocean and Sargasso Sea regions in particular); iii. to elaborate draft terms of reference (ToR) for the Working Group, as well as its draft programme of work, for consideration by the Abidjan Convention Parties.
Training Programme on the Sustainable Development and Governance of the Caspian Sea

training Speaker
Collation of Building Blocks and Different Options for an UNCLOS Implementing Agreement

workshop Attendee
Rights and ownership in sea country: implications of marine renewable energy for indigenous and local communities

journal article Co-Author

Marine Policy

Sandy Kerr, John Colton, Kate Johnson, and 1 more author

Abstract:

The adoption of UN Convention of the Law of the Sea in 1982 created optimism for indigenous peoples and marginalised coastal communities that they may (re)gain control of, or improve access to, marine resources. However concerns were also raised that opening the seas to industrial development might create threats for traditional users of the sea. Twenty-ﬁve years later the potential enclosure of large areas of coastal seas to marine renewable energy development is reigniting debates about marine governance, access and control over marine resources. Case studies in Scotland, Canada, New Zealand and Australia reveal a dynamic tension between: an economic development ‘blue growth’ agenda requiring the creation of private rights in the sea; and socio-political drivers which seek to address historic injustices and increase access to natural resources by indigenous and marginalised coastal communities. As yet there is little evidence of this tension being adequately addressed by emerging institutional frameworks for managing marine resources.
Ninth meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate
Towards a European Research Agenda for Ocean Governance: An Expert Workshop

workshop Participant

2014

Regulating marine renewable energy development: a preliminary assessment of UK permitting processes

journal article Author

Underwater Technology: The International Journal of the Society for Underwater
The Scores at Half Time: An update on the international discussions on the governance of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

report Co-Author

Glen Wright, Julien Rochette, Sebastian Unger, and 2 more authors

Abstract:

Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) represent around half of the Planet’s surface and a significant amount of its biodiversity. Over the past decades, the international community has become increasingly cognisant of the growing threats to ABNJ. To address this issue, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) created an Ad-Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group (“BBNJ Working Group”) to engage in discussions on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. Since the commencement of discussions in 2006, the focus has mainly been on gaps in the current international framework and whether these necessitate the adoption of a new instrument. In particular, States have discussed the possible adoption of an Implementing Agreement to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ (UNCLOS IA). At the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (“Rio+20”), States agreed to decide by the end of the 69th session of the UNGA (September 2015) whether or not to launch the negotiations for the conclusion of such a new global agreement. This decision-making process spans three meetings of the BBNJ Working Group, specifically convened to discuss “the scope, parameters and feasibility of an international instrument under UNCLOS”. Two of these meetings have already taken place, in April 1-4 and June 16-19, 2014. This paper highlights the remaining challenges on the “long and winding road” towards the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ.
Strengthening the role of science in marine governance through environmental impact assessment: a case study of the marine renewable energy industry

journal article Author

Ocean & Coastal Management
Advancing marine biodiversity protection through regional fisheries management: a review of high seas bottom fisheries closures

report Lead author

Glen Wright, Jeff Ardron, Kristina Gjerde, and 1 more author

Abstract:

Ocean regions that do not fall under the jurisdiction of any State, areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ or the “high seas”), 1 represent almost half of the planet’s surface and a significant portion of its biodiversity. The high seas are increasingly under threat from human activities, including seabed mining, navigation and fishing. The international community has called on Regional Fisheries Management Organisations to take a number of actions to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) in these areas, including closing areas to bottom fishing (high seas bottom fisheries closures; HSBFCs). The aims of this paper are twofold: firstly, to review the efforts made by RFMOs to implement HSBFCs and suggest options for improving the protection of VMEs within this framework; and secondly, to provide a brief overview of options for addressing fisheries in any new international agreement on high seas biodiversity, currently under discussion. Section 2 outlines the global context, including an overview of bottom fishing and its impacts, while Section 3 details the context and process for HSBFCs. Section 4 provides an assessment of RFMO performance in the Atlantic, Pacific, Southern and Indian oceans. Section 4 considers the role RFMOs in biodiversity conservation in light of their performance in relation to HSBFCs, and highlights some pathways for strengthening their role. Section 6 concludes by summarising the issues at stake and the possible ways forward.
Governing the “High Seas” - Linking global governance and regional implementation

report Co-Author

Potsdam Ocean Governance Workshop

Julien Rochette, Sebastian Unger, and Glen Wright

Abstract:

Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABJN), often referred to as the “High Seas1”, represent around half of the Planet’s surface and host a significant portion of its biodiversity. Despite their global importance, there are significant governance gaps that impede effective conservation and sustainable use. Since the beginning of the 21st century, States have started to discuss, in various arenas, integrated approaches to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. This debate was prompted by increased evidence of threats to these areas (e.g. through overexploitation of living marine resources, climate change, ocean acidification or pollution). At the same time, new scientific discoveries demonstrated the importance of marine genetic resources in ABNJ. Following a commitment from the Rio +20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development, current global discussions focus on the opportunity to elaborate a new international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) (an “Implementing Agreement”). In parallel, some Regional Seas Conventions have progressively extended their activities into ABNJ. In this regard, the most advanced efforts take place in the Mediterranean Sea, the North-East Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, where MPAs have already been designated in ABNJ. This workshop will explore the relationship between global (i.e. international conventions and organisations) and regional level governance in ABNJ (i.e. Regional Seas programmes, Regional Fisheries Management Organisations and other regional mechanisms such as Large Marine Ecosystems) and consider options for filling governance gaps.
Towards a new international instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

workshop Speaker
Sustainably advancing the Blue Economy: Environmental Impact Assessment of of Marine Renewable Energy projects in the UK

conference Speaker

European Environmental Law Forum
Towards a new international instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ

training Speaker
Sumbission to Department of Industry: Energy White Paper

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Reforming and Harmonising the NSW Energy Savings Scheme

report Author
Marine Governance in an Industrialised Ocean A Marine Renewable Energy case study (poster)

poster

International Network on Offshore Renewable Energy (INORE) Symposium
How to make a cup of tea for an academic

blog Author

The Guardian

Abstract:

Ever wondered where all the bloody teaspoons are? Or how to avoid that pesky dribble down the underside of the teapot spout? Thankfully researchers have tackled these pressing issues
Proof that academia is teeming with humour, wit... and general oddness

blog Author

The Guardian

Abstract:

In a new fortnightly series, researcher Glen Wright attempts to prove academia is not entirely full of stuffiness by sharing some amusing oddities
Will climate change kill Santa Claus? This and more festive-themed research

blog Author

The Guardian

Abstract:

From diagnosing Rudolph’s red nose to festive spices that make you happy, Glen Wright picks out some of the best Christmassy research
A guide to the REF for the shameless academic

blog Author

The Guardian

Abstract:

Palm your teaching off on gullible colleagues and get yourself a TV show - Glen Wright shares his tips for success in the Research Excellence Framework
Academia and food: stale snacks and strange research

blog Author

The Guardian

Abstract:

Are you a PhD student surviving on left-over crisps? Studies show that sound effects alone can help freshen up old food
Halloween special: spooky research from the cold depths of academia

blog Author

The Guardian

Abstract:

Could vampires exist (mathematically speaking)? What causes ghostly cold chills? And what does death smell like? Researcher Glen Wright investigates
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report

report Co-Author
Rights and Ownership in Marine Spaces

webinar Speaker

International network for Social Studies of Marine Energy (ISSMER) Seminar
Towards a New International Agreement on High Seas Biodiversity

workshop Speaker
Marine Governance in an Industrialised Ocean: a case study of the UK’s emerging marine renewable energy industry

workshop Speaker
Marine Spatial Planning in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: developing a research agenda

workshop Speaker
Marine Governance in an Industrialised Ocean: a case study of the UK’s emerging marine renewable energy industry

conference Speaker
Potsdam Ocean Governance Workshop: Entry Points to Sustainability

workshop Participant
World Parks Congress

conference Attendee
La Gobernanza de las zonas fuera de la jurisdiccion nacional

workshop Speaker

Opportunities for Strengthening Ocean Governance in the Southeast Pacific

Spanish
Eighth meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction

negotiation Delegate

2013

Reforming the National Electricity Objective

report Author
Ocean Energy: A Legal Perspective

journal article Author

Journal of Ocean Technology
Control Mechanisms for New South Wales (NSW) Distribitution Network Service Providers (DNSPs), 2014-2019

submission Author
Submission to the Department of Resources, Energy & Tourism: Energy Efficiency Opportunities Program New Developments Regulations

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Sumbission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC): Strategic priorities

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Tackling peak power demands

newspaper Author

Waste Management and Energy Magazine
Climate Regulation as if the Planet Mattered: the Earth Jurisprudence Approach to Climate Change

journal article Author

Environment and Earth Law Journal
Book Review: Animal Harm: Perspectives on Why People Harm and Kill Animals

journal article Author

Green Criminology Monthly
Reducing peak demand: targets are good practice

newspaper Author

The Conversation

Abstract:

Better managing peak demand, the primary culprit behind recent rapid price rises across Australia, is a key challenge facing Eastern Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM). To deal with peak demand...
Reducing peak demand: lowering prices, but what about emissions?

newspaper Author

The Conversation

Abstract:

The past year has seen several processes to reduce the price of electricity to consumers. Each has highlighted the importance of “demand management” - consumers reducing use at peak times to reduce the...
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC): Draft regulatory investment test for disctribution and application guidelines (RIT-D)

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to the Australian Energy Regulator (AER): Regulatory Investment Test - Distribution

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC): Review of Distribution Reliability Outcomes and Standards

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Animal Law and Earth Jurisprudence: A Comparative Analysis of the Status of Animals in two Emerging Discourses

journal article Author

Australian Animal Protection Law Journal
Submission to Energy Consumer Advocacy Secretariat: A National Electricity Consumer Body

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to New South Wales Government: NSW Smart Meter Task Force

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to Queensland Government Department of Energy and Water Supply: 30-Year Electricity Strategy

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Virtual Net Metering

report Author
Twitter for Academics & Researchers

training Speaker
Visiting Fellowship: International Centre for Island Technology

fellowship

Herriot Watt University

2012

NGOs and Western hegemony: causes for concern and ideas for change

journal article Author

Development in Practice

Abstract:

Since their rise to prominence in the post-World War II period, NGOs have grown exponentially in size and stature. This growth has occurred most notably under the New Policy Agenda, with Western donor states emphasising the role of NGOs in democratisation and service provision. Donors have gained the power to set the development agenda and NGOs have slowly become Trojan horses for global neo-liberalism. The present review surveys the principal ways in which NGOs have become a part of the promotion of Western hegemony in the developing world and presents some ideas for change.
Facilitating efficient augmentation of transmission networks to connect renewable energy generation: the Australian experience

journal article Author

Energy Policy
The National Electricity Market and the Environment: Are we heading in the right direction?

journal article Author

National Environmental Law Review
Recent global developments in marine renewable energy

newspaper Author

EcoGeneration
Marine Renewable Energy: Legal and Policy Challenges to Integrating an Emerging Renewable Energy Source

conference Speaker

IKEM International Summer Academy on Energy and the Environment
Environmental implications of increasing demand management in the National Electricity Market

report Author
Submission to the Australian Climate Change Authority: Renewable Energy Target review

submission Author
Submission to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission: Certification Trade Mark Application No. 1435347 (Australian Poultry Industries Association)

submission Co-Author

Glen Wright and Eleanor Browne
Submission to National Australian Built Environment Rating System (NABERS) Administrator: Review of NABERS Ruling on Proportioning of Energy used by Cogeneration or Trigeneration Systems

submission Author
Marine Genetic Resources in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: an annotated bibliography

report Author
The Energy Challenge: Renewables at Rio+20

poster Author

Rio+20 Workshop
Marine Energy: Designing a Regulatory Framework for an Abundant Renewable Energy Resource (Poster)

poster

ANU School of Law Doctoral Showcase
Unwired: Options for Increasing Network Demand Management in the National Electricity Market

report Lead author

Glen Wright and Mark Byrne
The Future of Environmental Law? Earth Jurisprudence, Wild Law and the Rights of Nature

newspaper Author

Ambiente
Animal Rights and the Rights of Nature, a brief overview

report Author

Animal Rights and the Rights of Nature
Submission to the Australian Energy Regulator (AER): Preliminary Framework and Approach - Ausgrid, Endeavour Energy and Essential Energy Regulatory control period commencing 1 July 2014

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to the Productivity Commission: Electricity Network Regulatory Frameworks

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Demand management targets for networks in the National Electricity Market

report Author
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC): Power of Choice Review

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to the Australian Energy Regulator: Review of Limited Merits Review Regime

submission Author
Submission to the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency: Consultation on a national Energy Savings Initiative

submission Co-Author

Jeff Angel and Glen Wright
Submission to the Public Accounts Committee: Inquiry into the Economics of Energy Generation

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to the Australian Energy Regulator: Powerlink Revenue Determination

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to Council of Australian Governors: Regulatory and Competition Reform

submission Co-Author

Mark Byrne and Glen Wright
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC): Small Generation Aggregator Framework

submission Author
Systemic Biases in the National Electricity Market: Barriers to Demand-side Participation

conference Speaker

Australian Summer Study on Energy Efficiency
Marine Renewable Energy: Effectively Balancing the Needs of Developers and Potential Environmental Impacts, an Australasian Perspective

conference Speaker

International Conference on the Environmental Interactions of Marine Renewable Energy Technologies
Wild Law

conference Speaker

ANU Sustainability and Human Ecology Pecha Kucha Evening: Sustaining People, Sustaining Place
Australian National University student delegation to Rio+20

conference Delegate
International Association for Impact Assessment Annual Conference

conference Attendee
Marine Renewable Energy in Australia: the urgent need for regulatory reform

newspaper Author

EcoGeneration
The ANU Rio+20 Project: Rio+20 Lacking on Energy

blog Author
The Future we (Definitely Don’t) Want

blog Author
Rio+20: crucial summit, hard times

blog Author
Rio+20, The End of the Road

blog Author
Fair Ideas: Sharing Solutions for a Sustainable Planet

conference Attendee
Speakers:

Izabella Teixeira, Minister of the Environment, Brazil

Silio Boccanera, Journalist and Moderator, Funbio Dialogues

Christian Friis Bach, Minister of Development, Denmark

Johan Rockström, Director, Stockholm Resilience Centre (Sweden)

Ma Jun, Director, Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs (China)

Andrew Mushita, Director, Community Technology Development Trust (Zimbabwe)

Bihunirwa Medius, Head of the Farmer Enterprise Development Unit, Uganda

Tim Jackson, Professor of Sustainable Development, University of Surrey (UK)

Achim Steiner, Executive Director, UN Environment Programme

Pavan Sukhdev, McCluskey Fellowship, Yale University (USA)

Eduardo Braga, Senator and Leader of the Senate, Brazil

Ashok Khosla, President, Development Alternatives (India)

Camilo Capiberibe, Governor, Amapá State (Brazil)

Virgilio Viana, CEO, Fundação Amazonas Sustentável

Judith Rodin, President, Rockefeller Foundation (USA)

Fabio Feldmann, Executive Secretary, Paulista Forum on Global Climate Change and Biodiversity (Brazil)

René Castro, Minister of Environment, Costa Rica

Ida Auken, Minister of Environment, Denmark

Jan McAlpine, Director, UN Forum on Forests

Édison Carlos, President, Instituto Trata Brasil

Julia Marton-LeFevre, Director, IUCN

Serge Tomasi, Deputy Director, OECD

Lindiwe Majele Sibanda, CEO, Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (South Africa)

2011

Marine energy

journal article Lead author

New Zealand Law Journal

Glen Wright and David Leary
Marine Energy in Australia and New Zealand: Regulatory Barriers and Policy Measures

conference Speaker

All-Energy Australia
The International Renewable Energy Agency: A Global Voice for the Renewable Energy Era?

journal article Author

Renewable Energy Law and Policy Review

Abstract:

The International Renewable Energy Agency held the first session of its Assembly as a fully-fledged international organisation in April 2011. This article aims to introduce the Agency and provide a basis for ongoing academic comment, discussion and analysis as the Agency establishes itself and progresses its substantive work. The paper will briefly outline the origins of the Agency, its institutional arrangements and key elements of its Statute, and consider the first budget and work programme. The paper will note some points of interest that warrant further discussion before outlining the Agency’s activities to date and assessing the potential contribution the Agency can make to the development of renewables.
Indigenous People and Customary Land Ownership Under Domestic REDD+ Frameworks: a case study of Indonesia

journal article Author

Law, Environment and Development

Abstract:

This paper aims to explore the interaction between domestic legal frameworks implementing the REDD+ mechanism and customary land ownership by using the regulatory regime of Indonesia as a case study. The paper will analyse the domestic legal framework for land ownership, customary law and tenure, forestry and REDD+ in Indonesia, assessing how REDD+ projects interact with customary land ownership and indigenous rights under this framework.
Conceptualising and combating transnational environmental crime

journal article Author

Trends in Organized Crime

Abstract:

To date, transnational environmental crime has been poorly attended to by the transnational organised crime and transnational policing discourse. Academics have focused on individual elements of environmental crime, neglecting a broader theoretical discussion, while national and international institutions have prioritised other forms of organised crime, giving little thought to the nuanced nature of transnational environmental crime and how this should be reflected in policing and countermeasures. This paper attempts to rectify this by conceptualising transnational environmental crime and suggesting ways forward for countermeasure development. The paper will begin by looking at the problem of environmental crime, its value, scope and effects, concluding that the damaging nature of transnational environmental crime demands a greater focus on its policing. The nature of transnational environmental crime will then be discussed by reference to traditional forms of organised crime. It will be argued that, while transnational environmental crime is a form of organised crime, and has some features in common with the traditional organised crimes, such as drug smuggling and people trafficking, it is the substantial differences that should guide the approach to developing countermeasures. The development of effective countermeasures, it is concluded, requires a significant change in policy at every level.
Your Flag’s Got My Flag On It: the Union Jack and the Australian Flag

journal article Author

Crux Australis
Marine Energy in Australia and New Zealand: Regulatory Barriers and Policy Measures

conference Speaker

All-Energy Australia
Marine Renewable Energy: an overview of applicable Australian legistlation and regulatory bodies

report Author
Granting of leave to bring derivative proceedings under section 237 of the Corporations Act

journal article Author

Global Corporate Law Bulletin

Abstract:

The Judge considered in detail whether there were serious questions to be tried under section 237(2)(d).The Judge held that claims that the companies in question had made loans to directors, "alienated" share options to directors’ companies, provided excessive remuneration, diverted business to another company and engaged in oppressive conduct each satisfied the test in section 237(2)(d).
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission: Economic Regulation of Network Service Providers (Consultation on Request for a Rule Change)

submission Author
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC): Efficiency Benefit Sharing Scheme and Demand Management Expenditure by Transmission Businesses

submission Author
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC): National Electricity Amendment (Total Factor Productivity for Distribution Network Regulation) Rule

submission Author
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC):Inclusion of Embedded Generation Research into the Demand Management Incentive Scheme

submission Author
Submission to the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC): Distribution Network Planning and Expansion Framework, Ministerial Council on Energy (MCE) Rule Change Request

submission Author
Environmental Law in Developing Countries: Challenges and Prospects

training Attendee

University of the South Pacific

2010

Designing Climate Law: A Comparative Analysis of the US and EU

journal article Author

Cork Online Law Review

Abstract:

As evidence of anthropogenic climate change mounts there is a growing concern with, and a pressing need for, legal regimes to curtail the problem. This concern culminated in the recent climate change conference in Copenhagen. The US and the EU, as two of the largest contributors to the problem and as entities wielding significant political power, have a pivotal role to play in the creation and development of these regimes. With this in mind, this paper provides a brief survey of the measures taken in the respective jurisdictions to date to combat climate change. Starting with the Kyoto Protocol, the divergent approaches of the two jurisdictions will be noted and the effectiveness of the two regimes discussed, both in terms of emissions reduction and intangible benefits that have arisen. Some ‘best practice’ principles for the design of climate change law will be discerned, suggesting ways in which future climate change law can be more effective.
Hart’s Concept of Law: Positivist Legal Theory or Sociology?

journal article Author

Abstract:

This paper will consider the extent to which HLA Hart can be said to have turned the positivist tradition of legal thought from positivism to a sociology of law. Hart’s claim to be engaging in ’descriptive sociology’ is first considered, followed by the submission that Hart’s gesture towards natural law is distinctly sociological. The significance of the ‘critical reflective attitude’ is then discussed and, finally, the sociology of secondary rules will be examined. This paper will conclude that, while Hart infused his theory with sociology in an attempt to circumvent what he saw as the restrictive nature of Austinian formalism, he remained true to the core tenets of positivism, and, ultimately, expounded a positivist theory, not a sociology, of law.
Hart’s Concept of Law: Positivist Legal Theory or Sociology?

journal article Author

Abstract:

This paper will consider the extent to which HLA Hart can be said to have turned the positivist tradition of legal thought from positivism to a sociology of law. Hart’s claim to be engaging in ’descriptive sociology’ is first considered, followed by the submission that Hart’s gesture towards natural law is distinctly sociological. The significance of the ‘critical reflective attitude’ is then discussed and, finally, the sociology of secondary rules will be examined. This paper will conclude that, while Hart infused his theory with sociology in an attempt to circumvent what he saw as the restrictive nature of Austinian formalism, he remained true to the core tenets of positivism, and, ultimately, expounded a positivist theory, not a sociology, of law.
The Standard of Reasonable Care and Skill Expected of an Accountant

journal article Author

Global Corporate Law Bulletin

Abstract:

The case concerns the standard of reasonable care and skill expected of an accountant, and the tests for causation, contributory negligence, and concurrent wrongdoing. The accountant in this case advised a company to advance money to another company without first reaching an informed opinion as to its present financial health, and failed to warn of the risks and circumstances of which it was or ought to have been aware. The trial Judge held that the accountant had been negligent in firstly not reaching an informed opinion, and secondly not taking appropriate steps, consisting of requesting detailed information from the company, advising the cessation of the advancement of money, and resignation. This was upheld by the appellate Judges. The appellate Judges found contributory negligence on the part of the company, noting that the parties were knowledgeable businessman who had attended the board meetings and therefore would have understood the risk of advancing money. It was also held that it was open to the trial Judge to find concurrent wrongdoing with regards to a director of the company, finding a Hedley Byrne duty even though such a duty was not pleaded. It was also held that there is no requirement under the Wrongs Act 1958 section 24AH that there must be a causal relationship between the loss caused by one wrongdoer and the loss caused by the other.
Model United Nations

conference Participant

2007

Student Protest on Campus

report Author
Climate Change Solutions Conference

conference Organiser
Fossil Fools Day

side event Participant

Photos: